The Impact of Transportation Restructuring on the Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Empirical Data from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Structure of a Hybrid Input-Output Table
2.2. Noncompetitive Hybrid Input-Output Model
2.3. Determination of the Study Period
2.4. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. GHG influence Coefficient Analysis
3.1.1. CO2 Influence Coefficient
3.1.2. Non-CO2 GHG Influence Coefficient
3.2. GHG Emission Intensity Analysis
3.2.1. CO2 Emission Intensity Analysis
3.2.2. Non-CO2 GHG Emission Intensity Analysis
3.3. Impact of Transportation Restructuring on GHG Emission Intensity
3.3.1. Impact of Transportation Restructuring on CO2 Emission Intensity
3.3.2. Impact of Transportation Restructuring on the Intensity of Non-CO2 GHG Emissions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Input | Intermediate use | Final Use | Gross Output | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Output | Sector 1 | Sector 2 | … | Sector n | |||
Intermediate Input | Sector 1 | yi | Xi | ||||
Sector 2 | |||||||
… | |||||||
Sector n | |||||||
Value Added | vj | ||||||
Total Input | Xj | ||||||
GHGs | CO2 | g1j | |||||
Non-CO2 GHG | g2j |
Railway | Highway | Domestic Public | Water | Air | Pipeline | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1994 | −34.08 | −0.78 | −5.32 | −11.02 | 4.27 | −30.46 |
1994–2002 | −61.41 | −53.13 | −54.99 | −57.14 | −59.69 | −30.17 |
2002–2009 | −56.49 | −45.42 | −46.65 | −40.30 | −46.08 | −30.76 |
2009–2016 | −49.04 | −47.42 | −52.92 | −47.79 | −47.53 | −45.29 |
1990–2016 | −94.36 | −86.65 | −89.30 | −88.11 | −88.11 | −81.61 |
Railway | Highway | Domestic Public | Water | Air | Pipeline | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1994 | −40.35 | −57.48 | −49.57 | −55.45 | −41.58 | −22.36 |
1994–2002 | −51.93 | −34.85 | −44.98 | −37.63 | −48.87 | −66.90 |
2002–2009 | −52.32 | −20.13 | −31.50 | −47.37 | −53.31 | −66.29 |
2009–2016 | −59.31 | −54.45 | −58.19 | −58.12 | −58.40 | −53.94 |
1990–2016 | −94.44 | −89.92 | −92.05 | −93.87 | −94.20 | −96.01 |
Railway | Highway | Domestic Public | Water | Air | Railway | Nontransportation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1994 | −24.87 | −52.81 | −57.82 | −73.66 | −66.21 | −50.98 | −5.79 |
1994–2002 | 23.03 | 46.48 | 33.94 | 72.18 | 74.06 | 45.40 | 14.18 |
2002–2009 | 22.91 | 28.08 | 21.04 | 28.96 | 35.35 | 29.30 | 26.22 |
2009–2016 | −12.71 | −13.01 | −13.76 | −15.23 | −18.10 | −17.95 | −16.76 |
Railway | Highway | Domestic Public | Water | Air | Railway | Nontransportation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1994 | −2.46 | −5.31 | −6.05 | −4.00 | −4.77 | −5.19 | −0.08 |
1994–2002 | 1.68 | 2.97 | 2.67 | 3.44 | 3.73 | 3.70 | 0.66 |
2002–2009 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.38 | 1.45 | 1.29 |
2009–2016 | −0.57 | −0.56 | −0.61 | −0.63 | −0.74 | −0.81 | −0.75 |
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Wang, H.; Luo, J.; Zhang, M.; Ling, Y. The Impact of Transportation Restructuring on the Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Empirical Data from China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912960
Wang H, Luo J, Zhang M, Ling Y. The Impact of Transportation Restructuring on the Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Empirical Data from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912960
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Huiling, Jiaxin Luo, Mengtian Zhang, and Yue Ling. 2022. "The Impact of Transportation Restructuring on the Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Empirical Data from China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912960