Experiences and Needs of Patients, Caregivers and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Multicentre Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Question, Aim, and Objectives
- (1)
- To identify the needs expressed by COVID-19 patients and their caregivers/families, whether they were addressed or not and for what reasons, from the point of view of the nurses, patients, and caregivers;
- (2)
- To determine which nursing interventions were performed to address the patients’ needs;
- (3)
- To investigate which interventions were perceived by the patients, caregivers, and nurses to be effective or ineffective;
- (4)
- To determine which factors and/or conditions favoured or hindered the effectiveness of nursing interventions;
- (5)
- To explore the experience of patients and their families during the period of hospitalisation and that of the nurses who cared for them.
2.2. Study Setting
2.3. Study Design
2.4. Inclusion Criteria
2.4.1. Nurses
- Nurses who worked in inpatient units where patients affected by the COVID-19 were cared for.
2.4.2. Patients and Family Members
- Adults (aged 18 years or older) who contracted COVID-19 and had a medium to high level of severity of the disease, defined as having been transferred to intensive or semi-intensive care units and after admission to an inpatient unit caring for patients affected by COVID-19. The rationale for this criterion is that it is assumed that such patients have gone through all stages of the disease and have a more complete experience of its different phases.
- The family members of patients (aged 18 years or older) who were willing to be interviewed and who do not have cognitive, psychiatric, or speech problems.
- The participants had to be able to answer a questionnaire and take part in an interview in Italian.
2.5. Exclusion Criteria
- Patients diagnosed with cognitive disorders and people with insufficient knowledge of Italian language;
- Individuals who were unable to provide written informed consent to participate in the study.
2.6. Data Collection
2.6.1. Phase 1: Quantitative Data
- Nurses
- Patients
- Recruitment of patients and caregivers
2.6.2. Phase 2: Qualitative Data
- Nurses:
- Patients and caregivers:
2.6.3. Phase 3: Analysis of Nursing Documentation
2.7. Data Analysis
2.7.1. Quantitative Data
2.7.2. Qualitative Data
2.7.3. Quantitative and Qualitative Data Integration and Rigor in Relational to Mixed Methods Research
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | |
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Quantitative data collection | Qualitative data collection | Quantitative data collection | |
Nurses | Questionnaire | Interview | - |
Patients | Questionnaire | Interview | Nursing documentation |
Caregivers | - | Interview | - |
Marisa Cantarelli’s Nursing Performance Model |
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Fundamental nursing needs |
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Balice-Bourgois, C.; Bonetti, L.; Tolotti, A.; Liptrott, S.J.; Villa, M.; Luca, C.E.; Steiner, L.M.; Biegger, A.; Goncalves, S.; Moser, L.; et al. Experiences and Needs of Patients, Caregivers and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Multicentre Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912838
Balice-Bourgois C, Bonetti L, Tolotti A, Liptrott SJ, Villa M, Luca CE, Steiner LM, Biegger A, Goncalves S, Moser L, et al. Experiences and Needs of Patients, Caregivers and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Multicentre Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912838
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalice-Bourgois, Colette, Loris Bonetti, Angela Tolotti, Sarah Jayne Liptrott, Michele Villa, Corina Elena Luca, Laura Maria Steiner, Annette Biegger, Silvia Goncalves, Laura Moser, and et al. 2022. "Experiences and Needs of Patients, Caregivers and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Multicentre Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912838