Associations between Mental Health, Lifestyle Factors and Worries about Climate Change in Norwegian Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Study Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Outcome Variable
2.2.2. Independent Variables
Sociodemographics
Mental Health
Leisure Activities
Cannabis Use and Alcohol Intoxication
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Worries about Climate Change
3.2. Associations between Sociodemographic Factors, Leisure Activities, Mental Health, Cannabis Use and Alcohol Intoxication, and Worries about Climate Change
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Not/a Little Worried N Total 75,436 (62.4%) | Quite/Very Worried N Total 45,273 (37.6%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Sociodemographic variables | |||
Gender Female Male | 32,324 (43.6) 41,789 (56.4) | 28,635 (64.6) 15,708 (35.4) | <0.001 * |
Grade (age) 8th grade, lower secondary school (13–14 yrs.) 9th grade, lower secondary school (14–15 yrs.) 10th grade, lower secondary school (15–16 yrs.) 1st grade, upper secondary school (16–17 yrs.) 2nd grade, upper secondary school (17–18 yrs.) 3rd grade, upper secondary school (18–19 yrs.) | 15,052 (20.6) 14,901 (20.4) 14,240 (19.5) 12,341 (16.9) 10,224 (14.0) 6140 (8.4) | 8231 (18.6) 8434 (19.1) 8827 (20.0) 7361 (16.6) 6241 (14.1) 5144 (11.6) | <0.001 # |
Centrality 1 = most central 2 3 4 5 6 = least central | 8419 (11.2) 14,895 (19.8) 29,467 (27.1) 16,979 (22.5) 11,049 (14.7) 3577 (4.7) | 7619 (16.8) 10,819 (23.9) 12,143 (26.8) 8367 (18.5) 4816 (10.6) 1570 (3.5) | <0.001 # |
Perceived family finances Poor Neither poor nor good Good | 2748 (3.7) 11,064 (14.9) 60,433 (81.4) | 1877 (4.2) 7096 (15.9) 35,705 (79.9) | <0.001 * |
Parental higher education None of the parents One parent Both parents | 12,153 (17.2) 23,720 (33.6) 34,629 (49.1) | 5110 (11.8) 12,584 (29.2) 25,432 (59.0) | <0.001 * |
Leisure activities | |||
Organized leisure time No Yes | 35,238 (47.3) 39,266 (52.7) | 19,827 (44.2) 25,075 (55.8) | <0.001 * |
Daily screen time ≤3 h >3 h | 18,040 (24.2) 56,563 (75.8) | 10,907(24.3) 34,021 (75.7) | 0.712 # |
Daily social media time ≤1 h >1 h | 19,153 (25.7) 55,498 (74.3) | 12,178 (27.1) 32,737 (72.9) | <0.001 * |
Mental health | |||
Depressive symptoms Low (<3) high (≥3) | 61,501 (84.7) 11,131 (15.3) | 33,028 (75.4) 10,795 (24.6) | <0.001 * |
Subjective well-being <6 ≥6 | 12,792 (17.1) 62,193 (82.9) | 9733 (21.6) 35,397 (78.4) | <0.001 * |
Future life expectation I don’t expect to live a happy life I expect to live a happy life | 21,814 (29.5) 52,212 (70.5) | 15,855 (35.6) 28,706 (64.4) | <0.001 * |
Cannabis use and alcohol intoxication | |||
Used cannabis previous 12 months No One or more times | 69,447 (93.0) 5255 (7.0) | 41,605 (92.5) 3364 (7.5) | 0.004 # |
Alcohol intoxication previous 12 months No intoxication episode One or more intoxication episodes | 51,262 (68.5) 23,576 (31.5) | 31,253 (69.4) 13,803 (30.6) | 0.002 # |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Gender (ref. male) | 2.35 (2.30–2.41) * | 2.60 (2.53–2.67) * | 2.47 (2.40–2.54) * |
Grade (age) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) * | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) * | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) * |
Centrality ¹ | 0.84 (0.83–0.85) * | 0.84 (0.83–0.85) * | 0.85 (0.84–0.86) * |
Perceived family finances (ref. poor) Neither poor nor good Good | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) * 0.90 (0.88–0.93) * | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) * 1.26 (1.18–1.35) * | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) 0.93 (0.87–1.00) |
Parental education (ref. no higher education) | 1.55 (1.49–1.60) * | 1.55 (1.49–1.61) * | 1.57 (1.52–1.61) * |
Organized leisure time (ref. none) | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) * | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) * | 1.21 (1.18–1.25) * |
Daily screen time (ref. < 3 h) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.97(0.93–1.00) |
Daily social media time (ref. < 1 h) | 0.92 (0.90–0.95) * | 0.67 (0.65–0.69) * | 0.66 (0.64–0.71) * |
Depressive symptoms (ref. low (<3)) | 1.80 (1.75–1.86) * | 1.71 (1.10–1.42) * | |
Subjective well-being (ref. < 6) | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) * | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) * | |
Future life expectation (ref. no happy life) | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) * | 0.87 (0.85–0.90) * | |
Cannabis use (ref. none) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) * | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) * | |
Alcohol intoxication (ref. none) | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) * | 0.79 (0.74–0.81) * |
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Leonhardt, M.; Granrud, M.D.; Bonsaksen, T.; Lien, L. Associations between Mental Health, Lifestyle Factors and Worries about Climate Change in Norwegian Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912826
Leonhardt M, Granrud MD, Bonsaksen T, Lien L. Associations between Mental Health, Lifestyle Factors and Worries about Climate Change in Norwegian Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912826
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonhardt, Marja, Marie Dahlen Granrud, Tore Bonsaksen, and Lars Lien. 2022. "Associations between Mental Health, Lifestyle Factors and Worries about Climate Change in Norwegian Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912826