Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Procedure and Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Measures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Started Selling Sex 18+ | Started Selling Sex <18 | Total | p-Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Current age [mean (SD)] | 26.4 (6.5) | 22.0 (4.1) | 25.2 (6.2) | <0.001 |
Born in Guinea-Bissau | 93.0% (346/372) | 97.7% (130/133) | 94.3% (476/505) | 0.044 |
City | 0.047 | |||
Bissau | 59.7% (222/372) | 63.2% (84/133) | 60.6% (306/505) | |
Bissora | 8.9% (33/372) | 10.5% (14/133) | 9.3% (47/505) | |
Bafata | 23.7% (88/372) | 13.5% (18/133) | 21.0% (106/505) | |
Gabu | 7.8% (29/372) | 12.8% (17/133) | 9.1% (46/505) | |
Completed primary school or higher 2 | 57.1% (212/371) | 63.2% (84/133) | 58.7% (296/504) | 0.227 |
Literate in Portuguese and/or Creole 3 | 69.9% (258/369) | 79.7% (106/133) | 72.5% (364/502) | 0.030 |
Current relationship status | 0.001 | |||
Single and never married | 76.1% (283/372) | 88.0% (117/133) | 79.2% (400/505) | |
Stable partner that is not spouse | 3.5% (13/372) | 6.8% (9/133) | 4.4% (22/505) | |
Married | 9.1% (34/372) | 2.3% (3/133) | 7.3% (37/505) | |
Divorced/Separated | 5.9% (22/372) | 2.3% (3/133) | 5.0% (25/505) | |
Widowed | 5.4% (20/372) | 0.8% (1/133) | 4.2% (21/505) | |
Other work 2 | 0.003 | |||
No additional work | 58.5% (217/371) | 41.4% (55/133) | 54.0% (272/504) | |
Outside work | 22.9% (85/371) | 30.1% (40/133) | 24.8% (125/504) | |
Student | 18.6% (69/371) | 28.6% (38/133) | 21.2% (107/504) | |
Average monthly income in West African CFA Francs (XOF) 4 | <0.001 | |||
0 | 52.7% (192/364) | 26.0% (34/131) | 45.7% (226/495) | |
1–50,000 | 24.2% (88/364) | 26.0% (34/131) | 24.6% (122/495) | |
50,001–100,000 | 9.1% (33/364) | 10.7% (14/131) | 9.5% (47/495) | |
100,001–150,000 | 3.8% (14/364) | 6.1% (8/131) | 4.4% (22/495) | |
150,001–200,000 | 3.3% (12/364) | 21.4% (28/131) | 8.1% (40/495) | |
200,001–250,000 | 4.9% (18/364) | 6.9% (9/131) | 5.5% (27/495) | |
>250,000 | 1.9% (7/364) | 3.1% (4/131) | 2.2% (11/495) | |
Was forced to have sex <18 years old 5 | 2.2% (8/368) | 9.0% (12/133) | 4.0% (20/501) | 0.001 |
Ever pregnant 6 | 65.5% (239/365) | 38.8% (50/129) | 58.5% (289/494) | <0.001 |
Received antenatal care 7 | 74.7% (183/245) | 56.6% (30/53) | 71.5% (213/298) | 0.008 |
Ever had an abortion | 4.3% (16/369) | 2.3% (3/131) | 3.8% (19/500) | 0.293 |
Number of biological children 8 | <0.001 | |||
None | 34.4% (127/369) | 57.4% (74/129) | 40.4% (201/498) | |
One | 29.0% (107/369) | 24.0% (31/129) | 27.7% (138/498) | |
Two or more | 36.6% (135/369) | 18.6% (24/129) | 31.9% (159/498) | |
Wants (more) children | 71.5% (266/372) | 51.1% (68/133) | 66.1% (334/505) | <0.001 |
Ever used emergency contraception 9 | 16.6% (61/367) | 6.9% (9/130) | 14.1% (70/497) | 0.006 |
Sterilized 10 | 15.8% (58/366) | 4.6% (6/130) | 12.9% (64/496) | 0.001 |
Contraceptive method currently using 2 | ||||
Pill | 5.1% (19/372) | 10.6% (14/132) | 6.5% (33/504) | 0.028 |
Implant | 42.5% (158/372) | 29.5% (39/132) | 39.1% (197/504) | 0.009 |
IUD | 8.1% (30/372) | 7.6% (10/132) | 7.9% (40/504) | 0.858 |
Injectable | 4.0% (15/372) | 0.8% (1/132) | 3.2% (16/504) | 0.065 |
Male condom | 36.3% (135/372) | 51.5% (68/132) | 40.3% (203/504) | 0.002 |
Female condom | 6.5% (24/372) | 3.0% (4/132) | 5.6% (28/504) | 0.140 |
Any form of birth control | 79.3% (295/372) | 87.9% (116/132) | 81.5% (411/504) | 0.029 |
STI symptoms past 12 months 11 | 26.7% (95/356) | 38.0% (49/129) | 29.7% (144/485) | 0.016 |
Ever tested for HIV 12 | 35.0% (129/369) | 16.5% (22/133) | 30.1% (151/502) | <0.001 |
Knowledge that anal sex puts you most at risk for HIV 2 | 16.7% (62/371) | 3.0% (4/133) | 13.1% (66/504) | <0.001 |
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Current age (continuous) | 0.84 | 0.80–0.89 | <0.001 |
Born in Guinea-Bissau 1 | 3.26 | 0.97–10.94 | 0.056 |
City | |||
Bissau (ref) | |||
Bissora | 1.12 | 0.57–2.20 | 0.739 |
Bafata | 0.54 | 0.31–0.95 | 0.033 |
Gabu | 1.55 | 0.81–2.97 | 0.186 |
Completed primary school or higher 1 | 1.29 | 0.86–1.93 | 0.227 |
Literate in Portuguese and/or Creole 1 | 1.69 | 1.05–2.72 | 0.031 |
Current relationship status | |||
Single and never married (ref) | |||
Stable partner that is not spouse | 1.67 | 0.70–4.02 | 0.249 |
Married | 0.21 | 0.06–0.71 | 0.012 |
Divorced/Separated | 0.33 | 0.10–1.12 | 0.076 |
Widowed | 0.12 | 0.02–0.91 | 0.040 |
Other work | |||
No additional work (ref) | |||
Outside work | 1.86 | 1.15–3.00 | 0.011 |
Student | 2.17 | 1.33–3.56 | 0.002 |
Average monthly income in West African CFA Francs (XOF) (ordinal) | 1.39 | 1.24–1.56 | <0.001 |
Was forced to have sex <18 years old 1 | 4.46 | 1.78–11.18 | 0.001 |
Ever pregnant 1 | 0.33 | 0.22–0.51 | <0.001 |
Received antenatal care 1 | 0.44 | 0.24–0.82 | 0.009 |
Ever had an abortion 1 | 0.52 | 0.15–1.80 | 0.301 |
Number of biological children (ordinal) | 0.55 | 0.42–0.70 | <0.001 |
Wants (more) children 1 | 0.42 | 0.28–0.63 | <0.001 |
Ever used emergency contraception 1 | 0.37 | 0.18–0.77 | 0.008 |
Sterilized 1 | 0.26 | 0.11–0.61 | 0.002 |
Contraceptive method currently using 1 | |||
Pill | 2.20 | 1.07–4.53 | 0.032 |
Implant | 0.57 | 0.37–0.87 | 0.009 |
IUD | 0.93 | 0.44–1.97 | 0.858 |
Injectable | 0.18 | 0.02–1.39 | 0.100 |
Male condom | 1.87 | 1.25–2.79 | 0.002 |
Female condom | 0.45 | 0.15–1.33 | 0.150 |
Any form of birth control | 1.89 | 1.06–3.38 | 0.031 |
STI symptoms past 12 months 1 | 1.68 | 1.10–2.58 | 0.017 |
Ever tested for HIV 1 | 0.37 | 0.22–0.61 | <0.001 |
Knowledge that anal sex puts you most at risk for HIV 1 | 0.15 | 0.06–0.43 | <0.001 |
Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Current age (continuous) | 0.82 | 0.76–0.89 | <0.001 |
City | |||
Bissau (ref) | |||
Bissora | 0.88 | 0.37–2.09 | 0.767 |
Bafata | 0.78 | 0.36–1.69 | 0.533 |
Gabu | 6.17 | 2.35–16.15 | <0.001 |
Current relationship status | |||
Single and never married (ref) | |||
Stable partner who is not spouse | 8.70 | 2.63–28.79 | <0.001 |
Married | 0.69 | 0.17–2.77 | 0.603 |
Divorced/Separated | 0.70 | 0.09–5.37 | 0.731 |
Widowed | 0.31 | 0.03–3.18 | 0.327 |
Was forced to have sex <18 years old 1 | 6.74 | 2.05–22.13 | 0.002 |
Ever pregnant 1 | 0.40 | 0.22–0.73 | 0.003 |
Wants (more) children 1 | 0.31 | 0.17–0.56 | <0.001 |
Currently using contraceptive implant 1 | 0.43 | 0.24–0.77 | 0.004 |
STI symptoms past 12 months 1 | 1.66 | 0.95–2.90 | 0.077 |
Ever tested for HIV 1 | 0.43 | 0.20–0.91 | 0.027 |
Knowledge that anal sex puts you most at risk for HIV 1 | 0.12 | 0.02–0.59 | 0.009 |
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Grosso, A.; Berg, L.; Rucinski, K.; Rao, A.; Djaló, M.A.; Diouf, D.; Baral, S. Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912715
Grosso A, Berg L, Rucinski K, Rao A, Djaló MA, Diouf D, Baral S. Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912715
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrosso, Ashley, Lindsay Berg, Katherine Rucinski, Amrita Rao, Mamadú Aliu Djaló, Daouda Diouf, and Stefan Baral. 2022. "Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912715