Hg Pollution Indices along the Reis Magos River Basin—Brazil: A Precursory Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Collection, Preparation, and Analysis of Physical-Chemical Parameters of the Samples
2.3. Contamination and Pollution Indices
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
3.1.1. River Water Samples Analysis
3.1.2. River Sediment Samples Analysis
3.2. Discussion
3.2.1. River Water Analysis
3.2.2. River Sediment Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AESB | Brazilian Association of State Sanitation Companies |
AGERH | State Water Resource Agency |
ANA | National Agency of Waters |
CCME | Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment |
CF | Contamination Factor |
CONAMA | Brazilian National Council for the Environment |
CRM | Certified Reference Material |
DO | Dissolved Oxygen |
EF | Potential Ecological Risk Index |
Embrapa | Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation |
ETE | Sewage Treatment Plant |
F | Fundão River |
IGeo | Geoaccumulation Index |
Incaper | Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension |
LoD | Limits of Detection |
LoQ | Limits of Quantification |
NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NSF | National Sanitation Foundation |
OM | Organic Matter |
ORP | Oxidation-Reduction Potential |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
PEL | Probable Effect Level |
RM | Reis Magos River |
RMRB | Reis Magos River Hydrographic Basin |
RSD | Relative Standard Deviation |
S1 | Sampling 1 |
S2 | Sampling 2 |
SQG | Quality Guidelines and Standards |
T | Timbuí River |
TDA AAS | Thermodecomposition and Amalgamation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry |
DMA | Direct Mercury Analyzer |
TDS | Total Dissolved Solids |
TEL | Threshold Effect Concentration |
WQI | Water Quality Indices |
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Sampling Stations | Designation | Geographic Coordinates |
---|---|---|
Tributary rivers | ||
F1 | Fundão river spring | −19°49′23″/−40°26′24″ |
F2 | Fundão river after housing | −19°59′28″/−40°19′44″ |
T1 | Timbuí river spring | −19°57′4″/−40°40′41″ |
T2 | Timbuí river after housing | −20°2′21″/−40°20′46″ |
Reis Magos river | ||
RM1 | Confluence of the Timbuí and Fundão rivers (near the water distribution site for public supply) | −20°1′31″/−40°18′6″ |
RM2 | Rural zone | −20°2′34″/−40°15′51″ |
RM3 | Outflow of sewage treatment plant (SWTP) | −20°1′48″/−40°12′37″ |
RM4 | Urban area | −20°2′49″/−40°11′25″ |
RM5 | Reis Magos river mouth | −20°3′20″/−40°11′32″ |
Water | Water Sediment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 a and 2 a | Class 3 a | TELb (Level 1 c) | PELb (Level 2 c) | |
Reference | µg∙L−1 | µg∙kg−1 | ||
CCME, 2001 [29]; CONAMA, 2012 [32] | - | - | 170 | 486 |
CONAMA, 2005 [28] | 0.2 | 2 | - | - |
Buchman, 2008 [31] | 0.77 | 1.4 | 174 | 486 |
IGeo | CF | EF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Classification | Range | Classification | Range | Classification |
>5 | Extremely contaminated | ≥6 | Very high contamination factor | >320 | serious |
4–5 | Strongly to extremely contaminated | 3–6 | Considerable contamination factor | 160–320 | high |
3–4 | Strongly contaminated | 1–3 | Moderate contamination factor | 80–160 | higher |
2–3 | Moderately to strongly contaminated | <1 | Low contamination factor | 40–80 | moderate |
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Share and Cite
Sartori, E.M.; Dalfior, B.M.; Provete, C.S.; Cordeiro, S.G.; Dias Carneiro, M.T.W.; Lelis, M.d.F.F.; Barroso, G.F.; Brandão, G.P. Hg Pollution Indices along the Reis Magos River Basin—Brazil: A Precursory Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912626
Sartori EM, Dalfior BM, Provete CS, Cordeiro SG, Dias Carneiro MTW, Lelis MdFF, Barroso GF, Brandão GP. Hg Pollution Indices along the Reis Magos River Basin—Brazil: A Precursory Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912626
Chicago/Turabian StyleSartori, Eldis Maria, Bruna Miurim Dalfior, Carolina Scocco Provete, Suellen Geronimo Cordeiro, Maria Tereza Weitzel Dias Carneiro, Maria de Fátima Fontes Lelis, Gilberto Fonseca Barroso, and Geisamanda Pedrini Brandão. 2022. "Hg Pollution Indices along the Reis Magos River Basin—Brazil: A Precursory Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912626