Understanding the Predictors of Economic Politics on Elite Sport: A Case Study from Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction, State of the Art and Literature
1.1. Elite Sport
1.2. Elite Sports in Spain
1.3. The Economic Sustainability of Spanish Elite Sports
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analysis
3.2. Comparison between Olympic and Non-Olympic Sport Federations
3.3. Predictors of the Financing of Federations
3.3.1. Olympic Sport Federations
3.3.2. Non-Olympic Sport Federations
4. Discussion
Practical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Type | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Sporting results | |||
Number of medals | IV | Previous year | Total number of medals obtained in European Championships, World Cups, and Olympic Games |
Quality performance | IV | Previous year | Index composed of the sum of medals obtained in European Championships, World Cups, and Olympic Games multiplied by a value that represents its relevance: 3 points for gold medals, 2 points for silver medals, and 1 point for bronze medals |
Sporting structure | |||
Number of sport licences | IV | Previous year | Total number of registered players (sport licences) |
Number of high-level athletes | IV | Previous year | Total number of elite athletes included in the Spanish program (high-elite athletes: Deportista de alto nivel; DAN) |
Number of clubs | IV | Previous year | Total number of registered sport licences |
Financial resources | |||
Total budget | DV | Current year | Total amount of euros managed for the federation, including own budget, financing received from the CSD, and financing received from the Plan ADO |
CSD funding | DV | Current year | Total amount of euros received from the CSD |
Variable | M (SD) | Correlations | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
Sporting results | |||||||
Number of medals | 10.4 (12.5) | 0.991 ** | 0.523 ** | 0.025 | −0.012 | −0.013 | 0.338 ** |
Quality performance | 20.0 (24.7) | 0.515 ** | 0.037 | −0.001 | −0.005 | 0.326 ** | |
Sporting structure | |||||||
Number of high-level athletes | 62.8 (70.0) | 0.370 ** | 0.317 ** | 0.312 ** | 0.583 ** | ||
Number of sport licences | 56,153.6 (128,519.5) | 0.854 ** | 0.791 ** | 0.138 ** | |||
Number of clubs | 1097.3 (3135.1) | 0.780 ** | 0.135 ** | ||||
Financial resources | |||||||
Total budget (in EUR) | 4,080,436.5 (14,387,529.4) | 0.208 ** | |||||
CSD funding (in EUR) | 879,187.2 (1,046,616.9) |
Variable | Olympic Federations M (SD) | Non-Olympic Federations M (SD) | Comparison 1 t (df), p |
---|---|---|---|
Sporting results | |||
Number of medals | 12.3 (13.6) | 8.7 (11.3) | −3.769 (646.080), <0.001 |
Quality performance | 23.3 (26.3) | 17.2 (23.0) | −3.314 (669.771), 0.001 |
Sporting structure | |||
Number of high-level athletes | 86.9 (78.7) | 42.6 (54.2) | −8.727 (578.455), <0.001 |
Number of sport licences | 45,663.9 (71,441.2) | 65,144.9 (161,399.9) | 2.169 (566.494), 0.030 |
Number of clubs | 900.5 (2413.3) | 1265.9 (3632.3) | 1.626 (695.401), 0.104 |
Financial resources | |||
Total budget (in EUR) | 4,210,628.4 (4,682,041.9) | 3,969,453.3 (19,109,386.9) | −0.252 (485.287), 0.801 |
CSD funding (in EUR) | 1,532,835.9 (1,175,401.1) | 321,978.5 (421,726.1) | −18.657 (442.501), <0.001 |
Total Budget | CSD Funding | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | B | 95% CI for B | β | Adj. R2 | R2 | B | 95% CI for B | β | Adj. R2 | R2 | |
Step 1 | 0.020 | 0.026 | 0.119 | 0.125 | |||||||
Number of medals | 147,120.992 | 420,740.638, 126,498.654 | 0.443 | 23,480.042 | 42,781.999, 89,742.084 | 0.277 | |||||
Quality performance | 100,478.844 | −40,228.116, 241,185.803 | 0.589 | 3346.853 | −30,727.931, 37,421.638 | 0.077 | |||||
Step 2 | 0.611 | 0.617 | 0.323 | 0.333 | |||||||
Number of medals | 162,261.027 | 335,748.141, 11,226.087 | 0.489 | 3537.168 | 54,937.113, 62,011.450 | 0.042 | |||||
Quality performance | 77,564.905 | −11,150.996, 166,280.807 | 0.455 | 2725.839 | −27,176.086, 32,627.763 | 0.063 | |||||
Number of high-level athletes | 14,810.446 | 9476.243, 20,144.650 | 0.259 ** | 6918.991 | 5121.084, 8716.898 | 0.474 ** | |||||
Number of sport licences | 38.133 | 32,185, 44.081 | 0.608 ** | 0.469 | −1.535, 2.474 | 0.029 | |||||
Number of clubs | 71.033 | −83,403, 225.470 | 0.038 | 43.558 | −8.495, 95.612 | 0.092 |
Total Budget | CSD Funding | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | B | 95% CI for B | β | Adj. R2 | R2 | B | 95% CI for B | β | Adj. R2 | R2 | |
Step 1 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.112 | 0.117 | |||||||
Number of medals | 1,093,249.702 | 2,411,423.149, 224,923.744 | −0.630 | 18,248.756 | 3429.463, 6931.952 | 0.520 | |||||
Quality performance | 495,183.764 | −15,2669.826, 1,143,037.354 | 0.581 | 14,656.443 | 2280.673, 27,032.213 | 0.850 * | |||||
Step 2 | 0.880 | 0.882 | 0.243 | 0.253 | |||||||
Number of medals | 552,665.075 | 1,020,365.007, −84,965.144 | 0.319 * | 27,854.317 | 51,659.571, 4049.062 | 0.794 * | |||||
Quality performance | 157,662.316 | −68,844.488, 384,169.121 | 0.185 | 16,094.085 | 4565.215, 27,622.956 | 0.933 ** | |||||
Number of high-level athletes | 54,859.645 | 36,870.383, 72,848.906 | 0.145 ** | 2666.755 | 1751.128, 3582.383 | 0.349 ** | |||||
Number of sport licences | −10.313 | −22.133, 1.506 | −0.077 | 0.422 | −0.180, 1.023 | 0.156 | |||||
Number of clubs | 5719.232 | 5164.285, 6274.180 | 0.939 ** | −3.788 | −32.034, 24.458 | −0.031 |
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Seguí-Urbaneja, J.; Cabello-Manrique, D.; Guevara-Pérez, J.C.; Puga-González, E. Understanding the Predictors of Economic Politics on Elite Sport: A Case Study from Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912401
Seguí-Urbaneja J, Cabello-Manrique D, Guevara-Pérez JC, Puga-González E. Understanding the Predictors of Economic Politics on Elite Sport: A Case Study from Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912401
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeguí-Urbaneja, Jordi, David Cabello-Manrique, Juan Carlos Guevara-Pérez, and Esther Puga-González. 2022. "Understanding the Predictors of Economic Politics on Elite Sport: A Case Study from Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912401