Preliminary Observations from The FILLED Project (FILipino Lived Experiences during COVID-19)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Capture FilAm specific experiences and behaviors that may be different from aggregate information often reported and concentrated in epidemiologic literature.
- Identify situational, environmental, and psychosocial factors that contribute to health outcomes and susceptibilities, such as barriers to resources, disruption or limited access to medical care, and other behavioral factors affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Resources include access (and utilization) of medical resources for pre-existing conditions and safe social distanced spaces, financial assistance, and social capital. More relevant to our investigation is observing the access and behaviors directly related to COVID-19, such as frontline or essential work for risk exposure, attitudes towards testing, and thoughts about vaccination with limited information.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographics
3.2. General Health and Health Care Access
3.3. COVID-19 Impact and Clinical Experiences
3.4. COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs
3.5. Screening: COVID-19 Testing
3.6. COVID-19 Vaccinations
4. Discussion
4.1. Compounding Risk Factors and Layering Protective Measures
4.2. Social Support and Mental Health
4.3. Community Assets and Strengths for Health Equity Research
4.4. Study Limitations
4.5. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % | |
---|---|---|
Age (mean (±SD)) | 34.2 (±15.2) | |
18–24 | 71 | 33.02 |
25–34 | 68 | 31.63 |
35–44 | 31 | 14.42 |
45–64 | 21 | 11.17 |
>64 | 21 | 9.77 |
Gender | ||
Female | 152 | 68.78 |
Male | 66 | 29.86 |
Other | 3 | 1.36 |
Education | ||
<High school graduate | 23 | 10.45 |
Some college/trade school/2-year college grad | 55 | 25.00 |
4-year college grad or more | 142 | 64.55 |
Marriage status | ||
Single | 127 | 56.95 |
Married | 70 | 31.39 |
Other | 26 | 11.67 |
Born in the US | 115 | 52.04 |
Age moved to US | ||
<12 years old | 65 | 61.32 |
Religion | ||
No affiliation | 24 | 10.76 |
Christian Catholic | 156 | 69.96 |
Other Christian | 35 | 15.7 |
Other | 6 | 2.69 |
Religious | ||
Yes, definitely—maybe yes | 151 | 68.33 |
Definitely not—maybe no | 70 | 31.57 |
Spiritual | ||
Yes, definitely—maybe yes | 199 | 90.05 |
Definitely not—maybe no | 22 | 22.00 |
Employed | 148 | 66.37 |
Number of paid jobs current/during pandemic | ||
1 Full-time | 96 | 57.83 |
1 Part-time | 22 | 13.25 |
2+ Full-time and/or Part-time | 30 | 18.07 |
Retired or homemaker | 18 | 10.84 |
Current student (full/part time) | 87 | 36.65 |
Work for Filipino-owned business (past 12 months)a | 36 | 16.52 |
Frontline or Essential Worker | 106 | 50.96 |
Employment industry | ||
Healthcare | 69 | 31.36 |
Non-Healthcare | 151 | 68.64 |
Language spoken at home | ||
English | 103 | 46.61 |
Tagalog or another Filipino dialect | 114 | 51.59 |
Other | 4 | 1.81 |
Living situation during COVID-19 | ||
Own | 54 | 24.43 |
Rent | 76 | 34.39 |
Live with family/parents—before and during COVID-19 | 82 | 37.10 |
Other b | 9 | 4.06 |
Living in multi-generational household | 80 | 36.36 |
Close living conditions during COVID-19 | 60 | 27.15 |
Diagnosed with a chronic health condition pre-COVID | 87 | 40.65 |
Has health insurance | 208 | 93.27 |
Access to a regular health care provider | 167 | 75.57 |
Access to a regular holistic health care provider/traditional healer | 43 | 19.46 |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
WORK-RELATED IMPACT Filed for unemployment during COVID-19 | 37 | 20.44 |
Ever afraid of losing their job (if employed during the pandemic) | ||
Yes, very—moderately stressful | 51 | 33.78 |
Yes, but not very stressful | 20 | 13.25 |
No | 80 | 52.98 |
PPE offered by employer (if worked in-person) | ||
Yes (at least 1 type ^ of PPE) | 109 | 48.88 |
None (supplied own) | 114 | 51.12 |
COVID-19 protective measures enforced by employer | ||
Fully enforced | 68 | 45.33 |
Partially enforced | 31 | 20.67 |
Not enforced at all | 2 | 1.33 |
Not sure, working remotely | 49 | 32.67 |
Pandemic changed outlook of current job/profession | ||
No change | 62 | 32.12 |
Mild positive change | 57 | 29.53 |
Mild negative change | 42 | 21.76 |
Moderate change | 22 | 11.40 |
Severe change | 10 | 5.18 |
SCREENING: TESTING FOR COVID-19 Self-reported frequency of COVID-19 testing | ||
Never tested | 39 | 17.49 |
5 times or fewer | 123 | 55.16 |
More than 5 times | 47 | 21.08 |
Tested positive for COVID-19 | 31 | 13.9 |
VACCINATION | ||
Followed medical guidelines for vaccinations before COVID-19 pandemic | ||
Always | 160 | 74.07 |
Sometimes | 35 | 16.20 |
Often | 12 | 5.56 |
Avoid vaccinations | 9 | 4.17 |
Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination | ||
Personal choice | 50 | 23.15 |
Personal responsibility to others | 166 | 76.85 |
COVID-19 vaccine offered by employer | ||
Yes | 88 | 41.12 |
No | 102 | 47.66 |
Don’t know | 24 | 11.21 |
Vaccinated against COVID-19 (if vaccinated) | ||
Yes—two doses | 140 | 64.81 |
Yes—one dose | 38 | 17.59 |
No—appointment pending | 10 | 4.63 |
No—appointment not yet scheduled | 16 | 7.41 |
No—no plans to get vaccinated | 12 | 5.56 |
COVID-19 vaccination site (if vaccinated) | ||
POD (Public Point of Distribution) | 65 | 35.14 |
Community clinic or hospital | 71 | 38.38 |
Pharmacy | 34 | 18.38 |
Not sure | 15 | 8.11 |
Top reasons for getting COVID-19 vaccination (if vaccinated) | ||
My social responsibility to protect my community | 160 | 89.89 |
Need to protect my family | 157 | 88.20 |
Need to protect myself | 155 | 87.08 |
Other a | 119 | 66.85 |
OVERALL COVID-19 IMPACT Daily routine | ||
No—mild change | 21 | 9.77 |
Mild change | 36 | 16.74 |
Moderate change | 73 | 33.95 |
Severe change | 85 | 39.53 |
Family income/employment | ||
No change | 71 | 32.87 |
Mild positive change | 55 | 25.46 |
Mild negative change | 61 | 28.24 |
Moderate change | 22 | 10.19 |
Severe change | 7 | 3.24 |
Housing situation | ||
No change | 141 | 65.58 |
Mild change | 41 | 19.07 |
Moderate-severe change | 27 | 12.56 |
Severe change | 6 | 2.79 |
Access to food | ||
No change | 140 | 65.12 |
Mild change | 56 | 26.05 |
Moderate change | 18 | 8.37 |
Severe change | 1 | 0.47 |
Access to medical health care | ||
No change | 94 | 43.52 |
Mild change | 97 | 44.91 |
Moderate change | 21 | 9.72 |
Severe change | 4 | 1.85 |
Access to extended social supports | ||
No change | 53 | 24.54 |
Mild change | 79 | 36.57 |
Moderate change | 72 | 33.33 |
Severe change | 12 | 5.56 |
Family stress and discord | ||
No change | 89 | 41.2 |
Mild change | 95 | 43.98 |
Moderate change | 29 | 13.43 |
Severe change | 3 | 1.39 |
Challenges to accessing healthcare | ||
Delays in calling my health provider (i.e., long call wait times) | 27 | 12.11 |
Delays in getting referrals or seeing specialists | 26 | 11.66 |
Difficulty in initially using telehealth | 12 | 5.38 |
Issues getting lab tests or screened for health conditions | 11 | 4.93 |
Other b | 12 | 5.38 |
Trusted sources for health information | ||
Doctor or medical professional | 187 | 83.86 |
Internet | 145 | 65.02 |
Health organization or agency | 129 | 57.85 |
Family | 108 | 48.43 |
Printed materials | 94 | 42.15 |
Friend/Co-worker | 96 | 43.05 |
Coach, mentor, or community elder | 27 | 12.11 |
Other c | 34 | 15.24 |
None of the above | 4 | 1.79 |
Needed mental health help but didn’t get it (since 15 March 2020) | 73 | 32.74 |
Do not know where to get mental health services | 96 | 44.24 |
Poor physical health1 | 137 | 62.27 |
Poor mental health1 | 180 | 82.19 |
Physical/mental health prevent usual activities1 | 159 | 72.94 |
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Share and Cite
Sabado-Liwag, M.D.; Zamora, M.; Esmundo, S.; Sumibcay, J.R.; Kwan, P.P. Preliminary Observations from The FILLED Project (FILipino Lived Experiences during COVID-19). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912303
Sabado-Liwag MD, Zamora M, Esmundo S, Sumibcay JR, Kwan PP. Preliminary Observations from The FILLED Project (FILipino Lived Experiences during COVID-19). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912303
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabado-Liwag, Melanie D., Mayra Zamora, Shenazar Esmundo, Jake Ryann Sumibcay, and Patchareeya P. Kwan. 2022. "Preliminary Observations from The FILLED Project (FILipino Lived Experiences during COVID-19)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912303