Trends in Occupational Infectious Diseases in South Korea and Classification of Industries According to the Risk of Biological Hazards Using K-Means Clustering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition of Legal Management | Basis Clause in Occupational Safety and Health Regulation | |
---|---|---|
Classification | Content | |
Task | Medical practice | Article 593 paragraph 1 |
Blood test | Article 593 paragraph 2 | |
Handling of patient’s specimen | Article 593 paragraph 3 | |
Handling of pathogens for research | Article 593 paragraph 4 | |
Cattle-breeding | Article 593 paragraph 6 (citing article 592 paragraph 4 sub-paragraph c) | |
Slaughtering | Article 593 paragraph 6 (citing article 592 paragraph 4 sub-paragraph c) | |
Workplace | Group accommodation | Article 593 paragraph 5 |
Field | Article 593 paragraph 6 (citing article 592 paragraph 4 sub-paragraph a) | |
Work environment | Possibility of direct or indirect contact with wild rodents | Article 593 paragraph 6 (citing article 592 paragraph 4 sub-paragraph b) |
Detailed Classification of Occupational Disease | Number | Rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Code of Korean Statistical Information Service | Illness | Fatality | Incidence (per 100,000) | Case Fatality (%) |
Total occupational disease | 15118AC3BM | 44,733 | 9821 | 15.26 | 21.95 |
Pneumoconiosis | 15118AC3BMAA | 25,294 | 8230 | 8.63 | 32.54 |
Noise-induced hearing loss | 15118AC3BMAB | 11,676 | 0 | 3.98 | 0 |
Abnormal pressure | 15118AC3BMAC | 100 | 2 | 3.41 × 10−2 | 2.00 |
Vibration illness | 15118AC3BMAD | 530 | 0 | 1.81 × 10−1 | 0 |
Other physical factors | 15118AC3BMAE | 385 | 58 | 1.31 × 10−1 | 15.06 |
Carbon disulfide | 15118AC3BMAF | 187 | 97 | 6.38 × 10−2 | 51.87 |
Trichloroethylene | 15118AC3BMAG | 21 | 8 | 7.16 × 10−3 | 38.10 |
Other organic compounds | 15118AC3BMAH | 148 | 21 | 5.05 × 10−2 | 14.19 |
Benzene | 15118AC3BMAI | 107 | 51 | 3.65 × 10−2 | 47.66 |
Tar | 15118AC3BMAJ | 2 | 1 | 6.82 × 10−4 | 50.00 |
Diisocyanates | 15118AC3BMAL | 90 | 15 | 3.07 × 10−2 | 16.67 |
Asbestos | 15118AC3BMAM | 591 | 266 | 2.02 × 10−1 | 45.01 |
Other chemicals | 15118AC3BMAN | 408 | 46 | 1.39 × 10−1 | 11.27 |
Lead | 15118AC3BMAO | 30 | 1 | 1.02 × 10−2 | 3.33 |
Mercury | 15118AC3BMAP | 16 | 0 | 5.46 × 10−3 | 0 |
Chrome | 15118AC3BMAQ | 88 | 21 | 3.00 × 10−2 | 3.86 |
Cadmium | 15118AC3BMAR | 35 | 2 | 1.19 × 10−2 | 5.71 |
Manganese | 15118AC3BMAS | 15 | 6 | 5.12 × 10−3 | 40.00 |
Infectious disease | 15118AC3BMAT | 2905 | 141 | 9.91 × 10−1 | 4.85 |
Toxic hepatitis | 15118AC3BMAV01 | 11 | 0 | 3.75 × 10−3 | 0 |
Occupational dermatoses | 15118AC3BMAU | 360 | 0 | 1.23 × 10−1 | 0 |
Occupational cancer | 15118AC3BMAU00 | 1376 | 756 | 4.69 × 10−1 | 54.95 |
Other occupational diseases | 15118AC3BMAV | 358 | 99 | 1.22 × 10−1 | 27.65 |
Year | Illness | Fatality | Number of Workers | Incidence Rate (per 100,000) | Case Fatality Rate (%) | Change in Incidence Rate (%) | Change in Case Fatality Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 108 | 6 | 10,581,186 | 1.02 | 5.56 | - | - |
2002 | 93 | 7 | 10,571,279 | 8.80 × 10−1 | 7.53 | −13.81 | 35.48 |
2003 | 132 | 5 | 10,599,345 | 1.25 | 3.79 | 41.56 | −49.68 |
2004 | 167 | 2 | 10,473,090 | 1.59 | 1.20 | 28.04 | −68.38 |
2005 | 100 | 1 | 11,059,193 | 9.04 × 10−1 | 1.00 | −43.29 | −16.50 |
2006 | 131 | 6 | 11,688,797 | 1.12 | 4.58 | 23.94 | 358.02 |
2007 | 188 | 7 | 12,528,879 | 1.50 | 3.72 | 33.89 | −18.71 |
2008 | 134 | 5 | 13,489,986 | 9.93 × 10−1 | 3.73 | −33.80 | 0.21 |
2009 | 427 | 8 | 13,884,927 | 3.08 | 1.87 | 209.59 | −49.79 |
2010 | 228 | 17 | 14,198,748 | 1.61 | 7.46 | −47.78 | 297.97 |
2011 | 168 | 11 | 14,362,372 | 1.17 | 6.55 | −27.16 | −12.18 |
2012 | 133 | 8 | 15,548,423 | 8.55 × 10−1 | 6.02 | −26.87 | −8.13 |
2013 | 134 | 8 | 15,449,228 | 8.67 × 10−1 | 5.97 | 1.40 | −0.75 |
2014 | 107 | 14 | 17,062,308 | 6.27 × 10−1 | 13.08 | −27.70 | 119.16 |
2015 | 77 | 3 | 17,968,931 | 4.29 × 10−1 | 3.90 | −31.67 | −70.22 |
2016 | 80 | 7 | 18,431,716 | 4.34 × 10−1 | 8.75 | 1.29 | 124.58 |
2017 | 95 | 4 | 18,560,142 | 5.12 × 10−1 | 4.21 | 17.93 | −51.88 |
2018 | 79 | 7 | 19,073,438 | 4.14 × 10−1 | 8.86 | −19.08 | 110.44 |
2019 | 84 | 9 | 18,725,160 | 4.49 × 10−1 | 10.71 | 8.31 | 20.92 |
2020 | 240 | 6 | 18,974,513 | 1.26 | 2.50 | 181.96 | −76.67 |
Year | Illness | Fatality | Number of Workers | Incidence Rate (per 100,000) | Case Fatality Rate (%) | Incidence Ratio of Infectious Diseases to All Occupational Diseases (%) | Fatal Ratio of Infectious Diseases to All Occupational Diseases (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 1542 | 415 | 10,581,186 | 14.57 | 26.91 | 7.00 | 1.45 |
2002 | 1351 | 407 | 10,571,279 | 12.78 | 30.13 | 6.88 | 1.72 |
2003 | 1905 | 482 | 10,599,345 | 17.97 | 25.30 | 6.93 | 1.04 |
2004 | 2492 | 446 | 10,473,090 | 23.79 | 17.90 | 6.70 | 0.45 |
2005 | 2524 | 455 | 11,059,193 | 22.82 | 18.03 | 3.96 | 0.22 |
2006 | 2174 | 524 | 11,688,797 | 18.60 | 24.10 | 6.03 | 1.15 |
2007 | 2098 | 480 | 12,528,879 | 16.75 | 22.88 | 8.96 | 1.46 |
2008 | 1653 | 463 | 13,489,986 | 12.25 | 28.01 | 8.11 | 1.08 |
2009 | 1746 | 431 | 13,884,927 | 12.57 | 24.68 | 24.46 | 1.86 |
2010 | 1576 | 447 | 14,198,748 | 11.10 | 28.36 | 14.47 | 3.80 |
2011 | 1592 | 430 | 14,362,372 | 11.10 | 27.01 | 10.55 | 2.56 |
2012 | 1500 | 410 | 15,548,423 | 9.65 | 27.33 | 8.87 | 1.95 |
2013 | 1414 | 466 | 15,449,228 | 9.15 | 32.96 | 9.48 | 1.72 |
2014 | 1732 | 507 | 17,062,308 | 10.15 | 29.27 | 6.18 | 2.76 |
2015 | 1959 | 514 | 17,968,931 | 10.90 | 26.24 | 3.93 | 0.58 |
2016 | 2234 | 478 | 18,431,716 | 12.12 | 21.40 | 3.58 | 1.46 |
2017 | 3054 | 582 | 18,560,142 | 16.45 | 19.06 | 3.11 | 0.69 |
2018 | 3368 | 628 | 19,073,438 | 17.66 | 18.65 | 2.35 | 1.11 |
2019 | 4035 | 607 | 18,725,160 | 21.55 | 15.04 | 2.08 | 1.48 |
2020 | 4784 | 649 | 18,974,513 | 25.21 | 13.57 | 5.02 | 0.92 |
Group | Character | Incidence Rate (per 100,000) | Case Fatality Rate (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min. | Max. | Mean | Min. | Max. | Mean | ||
1 | (Almost) Risk zero | 0 | 5.46 × 10−2 | 1.82 × 10−3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | Low incidence/low fatality | 9.65 × 10−2 | 6.10 × 10−1 | 2.39 × 10−1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | Low incidence/high fatality | 4.58 × 10−2 | 5.06 × 10−1 | 2.52 × 10−1 | 5.00 | 100 | 40.28 |
4 | High incidence/low fatality | 1.07 | 23.57 | 6.49 | 0 | 3.92 | 1.61 |
5 | High incidence/high fatality | 6.56 × 10−1 | 8.63 | 2.54 | 7.69 | 100 | 35.02 |
Group | Industry Division (Code Identifier of Korean Statistical Information Service, Survey Period) | Incidence Rate (per 100,000) | Case Fatality Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mining of limestone, metals, non-metals and other mining (AAG, 2017–2020) | 0 | 0 |
Mining of metals and non-metals (AAB, 2001–2016) | 0 | 0 | |
Quarrying (AAC, 2001–2016) | 0 | 0 | |
Mining of limestone (AAD, 2001–2016) | 0 | 0 | |
Tobacco manufacturing (BAn, 2001–2017) | 0 | 0 | |
Wood and paper products manufacturing (BAC000, 2019–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Pulp and paper manufacturing and bookbinding and printed matter processing industry (BAp, 2001–2017) | 0 | 0 | |
Pulp and paper manufacturing industry (BAp0, 2018–2018) | 0 | 0 | |
Publishing, printing, bookbinding and print processing industry (BAD0, 2018–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Printing (BAE, 2001–2011) | 0 | 0 | |
Chemical and rubber product manufacturing (BAF0, 2019–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, briquettes and petroleum products manufacturing (BAH00, 2020–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Coke and coal gas manufacturing industry (BAJ, 2001–2011) | 0 | 0 | |
Glass, porcelain and cement manufacturing (BAq0, 2019–2019) | 0 | 0 | |
Ceramics, other ceramic products and cement manufacturing (BAK0, 2018–2018) | 0 | 0 | |
Cement manufacturing (BAM, 2001–2017) | 0 | 0 | |
Electric machine equipment, electronic products, meters, optical machinery, and other precision equipment manufacturing (BAQ0, 2020–2020) | 5.46 × 10−2 | 0 | |
Coke, briquettes and petroleum refineries manufacturing (BAZ00, 2012–2019) | 0 | 0 | |
Briquette and coagulated solid fuel manufacturing (BAX, 2001–2011) | 0 | 0 | |
Electricity, gas and water business (CAA, 2001–2011) | 0 | 0 | |
Electricity, gas, steam and water business (CAA00, 2012–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Automobile transport, courier and quick service business (EAN, 2017–2018) | 0 | 0 | |
Air transportation business (EAH, 2001–2017) | 0 | 0 | |
Warehouse and transportation related service business (EAI0, 2019–2019) | 0 | 0 | |
Small cargo transport, courier and quick service business (EAM, 2001–2016) | 0 | 0 | |
Fishery, aquaculture and fishery related services (GAC, 2017–2018) | 0 | 0 | |
Fishing (GAD, 2019–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
Fishing (GAA, 2001–2016) | 0 | 0 | |
Consignment sales of agricultural and marine products (JAP, dummy code) | 0 | 0 | |
United States Forces Korea (JAJ, 2001–2020) | 0 | 0 | |
2 | Textile or textile product manufacturing business (A) (BAo, 2001–2018) | 1.49 × 10−1 | 0 |
Textile or textile product manufacturing business (BAoo, 2019–2020) | 2.83 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Newspaper/money issuance, publishing business and printing business (BAD, 2001–2017) | 1.85 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fragrances and tobacco manufacturing (BAH0, 2018–2019) | 6.10 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Rubber product manufacturing (BAG, 2001–2018) | 9.65 × 10−2 | 0 | |
Glass manufacturing (BAq, 2001–2018) | 1.93 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Ceramics and other ceramic products manufacturing (BAK, 2001–2017) | 1.36 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Machine tools, non-metallic mineral products, metal products manufacturing and metal processing (BAr0, 2018–2018) | 1.06 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Machine tools, non-metallic minerals and metal products manufacturing (BAr00, 2019–2019) | 2.05 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Machine tools, metal and non-metallic minerals products manufacturing (BAr000, 2020–2020) | 4.64 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Plating (BAO, 2001–2018) | 1.34 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Electric machine equipment, precision equipment, and electronic products manufacturing (BAQ00, 2020–2020) | 1.09 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Transportation machinery and equipment manufacturing, automobile and motorcycle repairing (BAT0, 2018–2018) | 2.02 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Handicraft manufacturing (BAV, 2001–2018) | 3.57 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Handicraft and other products manufacturing (BAV0, 2019–2020) | 3.66 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Automobile and motorcycle repairing (BAZ, 2001–2017) | 1.42 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Railroad, track and ropeway transportation business (EAA, 2001–2017) | 2.37 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Railroad, track, ropeway and air transportation business (EAA0, 2018–2019) | 4.13 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Land and water transport business (EAN0, 2019–2020) | 1.40 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Water transport, port unloading and cargo handling business (EAF, 2001–2018) | 1.63 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Warehousing business (EAJ, 2001–2018) | 1.78 × 10−1 | 0 | |
Education service business (JAG. 2001–2019) | 3.94 × 10−1 | 0 | |
3 | Wood products manufacturing (BAC00, 2012–2018) | 2.47 × 10−1 | 100.00 |
Chemical manufacturing (BAF, 2001–2018) | 2.81 × 10−1 | 25.00 | |
Pharmaceutical and cosmetic fragrance manufacturing (BAH, 2001–2017) | 2.39 × 10−1 | 100.00 | |
Non-metallic mineral products and metal products manufacturing and metal processing industry (BAr, 2001–2017) | 4.43 × 10−1 | 22.22 | |
Metal smelting (BAL, 2001–2020) | 1.45 × 10−1 | 100.00 | |
Metal material manufacturing (BAN, 2001–2016) | 2.10 × 10−1 | 50.00 | |
Machine tool manufacturing (BAP, 2001–2017) | 2.94 × 10−1 | 5.00 | |
Electrical machinery manufacturing (BAQ, 2001–2017) | 1.72 × 10−1 | 20.00 | |
Electronics manufacturing (BAR, 2001–2017) | 4.58 × 10−2 | 75.00 | |
Shipbuilding and repairing (BAS, 2001–2020) | 2.20 × 10−1 | 57.14 | |
Transportation machinery and equipment manufacturing (BAT, 2001–2017) | 3.54 × 10−1 | 9.52 | |
Textile or textile product manufacturing (B) (BAY, 2001–2018) | 1.51 × 10−1 | 33.33 | |
Other manufacturing (BAs, 2001–2018) | 1.53 × 10−1 | 66.67 | |
Construction industry (DAB, 2001–2020) | 3.23 × 10−1 | 7.18 | |
Passenger car transport business (EAB, 2001–2016) | 1.76 × 10−1 | 25.00 | |
Freight car transportation business (EAC, 2001–2016) | 3.17 × 10−1 | 100.00 | |
Transportation-related service business (EAI, 2001–2018) | 3.75 × 10−1 | 25.00 | |
Telecommunications business (EAK, 2001–2020) | 4.97 × 10−1 | 25.00 | |
Finance and insurance (KAA, 2001–2020) | 9.52 × 10−2 | 27.27 | |
Professional technical service business (JAE, 2001–2019) | 1.74 × 10−1 | 15.79 | |
Wholesale, retail and consumer goods repairing business (JAH, 2001-2019) | 1.47 × 10−1 | 20.51 | |
Wholesale, retail, food and lodging business (JAH0, 2020–2020) | 4.54 × 10−1 | 6.67 | |
Real estate business and rental business (JAI, 2001–2020) | 1.16 × 10−1 | 50.00 | |
Business service (CAA03, 2018–2019) | 1.55 × 10−1 | 33.33 | |
Various other business (JAD, 2001–2020) | 5.06 × 10−1 | 7.34 | |
4 | Wood product manufacturing (BAC, 2001–2011) | 3.42 | 0 |
Railroad, air transportation, warehousing and transportation-related service business (EAA00, 2020–2020) | 2.90 | 0 | |
Forestry (FAA, 2001–2020) | 23.57 | 2.06 | |
Aquaculture and fishery related services (GAB, 2001–2016) | 1.80 | 0 | |
Agriculture (HAA, 2001–2020) | 10.81 | 1.83 | |
Comprehensive management of buildings, etc. business (JAA, 2001–2018) | 1.07 | 3.74 | |
Facility management business and business service (JAA00, 2020–2020) | 1.57 | 0 | |
Sanitation and similar service business (JAB, 2001–2018) | 13.90 | 3.24 | |
Professional technical, health, education, recreation service business (JAE0, 2020–2020) | 3.38 | 1.63 | |
Health and social welfare business (JAF, 2001–2019) | 4.64 | 1.23 | |
Business of the state and local governments (CAA02, 2012–2020) | 4.36 | 3.92 | |
5 | Coal mining and quarrying (AAF, 2017–2020) | 8.63 | 100.00 |
Coal mining (AAA, 2001–2016) | 1.29 | 100.00 | |
Other mining (AAE, 2001–2016) | 3.78 | 25.00 | |
Food manufacturing (BAA, 2001–2020) | 6.97 × 10−1 | 12.50 | |
Sawmill and veneer manufacturing (BAB, 2001–2011) | 4.32 | 25.00 | |
Measuring instruments, optical instruments, and other precision instruments manufacturing (BAU, 2001–2017) | 6.70 × 10−1 | 22.22 | |
Comprehensive building management, sanitation and similar service business (JAA0, 2019–2019) | 8.39 × 10−1 | 12.50 | |
Golf course and racetrack operation business (JAC, 2001–2011) | 2.27 | 16.67 | |
Overseas dispatcher (JAL, 2001–2020) | 2.26 | 28.57 | |
Entertainment, culture and sports related business (CAA01, 2012–2019) | 6.56 × 10−1 | 7.69 |
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Shin, S.; Yoon, W.S.; Byeon, S.-H. Trends in Occupational Infectious Diseases in South Korea and Classification of Industries According to the Risk of Biological Hazards Using K-Means Clustering. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911922
Shin S, Yoon WS, Byeon S-H. Trends in Occupational Infectious Diseases in South Korea and Classification of Industries According to the Risk of Biological Hazards Using K-Means Clustering. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):11922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911922
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Saemi, Won Suck Yoon, and Sang-Hoon Byeon. 2022. "Trends in Occupational Infectious Diseases in South Korea and Classification of Industries According to the Risk of Biological Hazards Using K-Means Clustering" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 11922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911922
APA StyleShin, S., Yoon, W. S., & Byeon, S. -H. (2022). Trends in Occupational Infectious Diseases in South Korea and Classification of Industries According to the Risk of Biological Hazards Using K-Means Clustering. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911922