The Maltreatment–Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males: What about Psychopathy?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Maltreatment
2.3.2. Aggression
2.3.3. Psychopathy
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptives
3.2. SEM on the Associations between Maltreatment, Aggression, and Psychopathy
3.3. Differences between Offender Subtypes
4. Discussion
4.1. General Findings
4.2. Differences among Offender Subtypes
4.3. Strenghts and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample (n = 239) | Violent Offenders (n = 110) | Sexual Offenders (n = 61) | Other Offenders (n = 68) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | Cronbach’s α | M | SD | Range | Cronbach’s α | M | SD | Range | Cronbach’s α | M | SD | Range | Cronbach’s α | M | SD | Range | |
CTQ | Emotional Abuse | 0.94 | 9.34 | 5.20 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.95 | 9.45 a | 5.43 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.94 | 9.75 a | 5.78 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.91 | 8.79 a | 4.20 | 5.00–21.00 |
Physical Abuse | 0.94 | 8.16 | 4.93 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.95 | 8.62 a | 5.40 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.94 | 8.59 a | 5.17 | 5.00–23.00 | 0.89 | 7.04 a | 3.62 | 5.00–21.00 | |
Sexual Abuse | 0.96 | 5.81 | 2.82 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.99 | 5.75 a,b | 3.21 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.92 | 6.62 a | 3.34 | 5.00–21.00 | 0.78 | 5.18 b | 0.73 | 5.00–9.00 | |
Emotional Neglect | 0.96 | 11.57 | 6.03 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.97 | 11.77 a | 6.37 | 5.00–25.00 | 0.96 | 11.02 a | 6.02 | 5.00–23.00 | 0.95 | 11.62 a | 5.51 | 5.00–24.00 | |
Physical Neglect | 0.74 | 9.69 | 4.05 | 5.00–21.00 | 0.83 | 9.71 a | 4.57 | 5.00–21.00 | 0.71 | 9.72 a | 3.94 | 5.00–21.00 | 0.52 | 9.62 a | 3.21 | 5.00–21.00 | |
Total Score | 0.96 | 44.60 | 19.07 | 25.00–114.00 | 0.97 | 45.31 a | 20.97 | 25.00–114.00 | 0.96 | 45.92 a | 20.20 | 25.00–97.00 | 0.93 | 42.29 a | 14.29 | 25.00–88.00 | |
AQ-G | Physical Aggression | 0.88 | 14.68 | 6.56 | 8.00–36.00 | 0.88 | 15.83 a | 7.06 | 8.00–36.00 | 0.91 | 13.74 a, b | 7.08 | 8.00–35.00 | 0.78 | 13.66 b | 4.79 | 8.00–29.00 |
Verbal Aggression | 0.61 | 12.97 | 3.04 | 6.00–23.00 | 0.67 | 13.44 a | 3.19 | 6.00–23.00 | 0.44 | 13.21 a, b | 2.78 | 7.00–21.00 | 0.58 | 11.99 b | 2.80 | 7.00–20.00 | |
Anger | 0.73 | 13.65 | 4.67 | 7.00–32.00 | 0.72 | 14.00 a | 4.81 | 7.00–29.00 | 0.79 | 13.43 a | 4.97 | 7.00–32.00 | 0.70 | 13.29 a | 4.16 | 7.00–28.00 | |
Indirect Aggression | 0.80 | 11.79 | 4.26 | 6.00–28.00 | 0.82 | 11.91 a | 4.16 | 6.00–23.00 | 0.87 | 12.03 a | 5.10 | 6.00–28.00 | 0.62 | 11.37 a | 3.68 | 6.00–21.00 | |
Hostility | 0.81 | 17.27 | 5.65 | 8.00–36.00 | 0.81 | 17.22 a | 5.42 | 8.00–33.00 | 0.83 | 17.18 a | 5.64 | 8.00–36.00 | 0.78 | 17.43 a | 6.11 | 8.00–36.00 | |
Total Score | 0.94 | 70.36 | 20.03 | 38.00–146.00 | 0.94 | 72.40 a | 20.80 | 38.00–140.00 | 0.95 | 69.59 a | 21.75 | 48.00–146.00 | 0.92 | 67.74 a | 16.84 | 42.00–130 | |
PCL-R | Interpersonal | 0.76 | 1.39 | 1.84 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.82 | 1.40 a | 1.98 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.76 | 1.25 a | 1.78 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.66 | 1.51 a | 1.65 | 0.00–7.00 |
Affective | 0.85 | 2.76 | 2.30 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.84 | 2.97 a | 2.20 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.86 | 3.16 a | 2.62 | 0.00–8.00 | 0.85 | 2.07 b | 2.03 | 0.00–8.00 | |
Lifestyle | 0.79 | 3.44 | 2.71 | 0.00–10.00 | 0.81 | 4.06 a | 2.85 | 0.00–10.00 | 0.80 | 2.61 b | 2.63 | 0.00–10.00 | 0.69 | 3.18 a,b | 2.33 | 0.00–10.00 | |
Antisocial | 0.75 | 3.41 | 2.78 | 0.00–10.00 | 0.76 | 4.15 a | 2.88 | 0.00–10.00 | 0.74 | 2.60 b | 2.47 | 0.00–09.00 | 0.72 | 2.95 b | 2.56 | 0.00–8.70 | |
Factor 1 | 0.86 | 4.17 | 3.71 | 0.00–16.00 | 0.87 | 4.39 a | 3.76 | 0.00–16.00 | 0.86 | 4.42 a | 3.93 | 0.00–15.00 | 0.85 | 3.58 a | 3.43 | 0.00–15.00 | |
Factor 2 | 0.83 | 6.89 | 4.97 | 0.00–20.00 | 0.85 | 8.25 a | 5.16 | 0.00–20.00 | 0.82 | 5.20 b | 4.60 | 0.00–18.00 | 0.77 | 6.21 b | 4.37 | 0.00–18.00 | |
Total Score | 0.87 | 11.74 | 7.91 | 0.00–37.00 | 0.88 | 13.17 a | 7.97 | 0.00–37.00 | 0.88 | 10.84 a,b | 8.15 | 0.00–35.00 | 0.84 | 10.16 b | 7.26 | 0.00–33.00 |
SEM Path | Violent Offenders (n = 110) | Sexual Offenders (n = 61) | Other Offenders (n = 68) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | B | SE | β | B | SE | β | |
Maltreatment → Sexual Abuse | 0.16 **a | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.35 ***b | 0.07 | 0.56 | 0.05 *a | 0.02 | 0.29 |
Maltreatment → Aggression | 0.28 **a | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.29 *a | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.490 ***a | 0.13 | 0.43 |
Maltreatment → Psychopathy | 0.01 a | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 a | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.03 a | 0.03 | 0.24 |
Psychopathy → Aggression | 2.85 ***a | 0.63 | 0.49 | 2.05 **a | 0.72 | 0.44 | 1.51 *a | 0.60 | 0.30 |
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Woehrle, L.; Retz-Junginger, P.; Retz, W.; Barra, S. The Maltreatment–Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males: What about Psychopathy? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159584
Woehrle L, Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Barra S. The Maltreatment–Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males: What about Psychopathy? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159584
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoehrle, Laura, Petra Retz-Junginger, Wolfgang Retz, and Steffen Barra. 2022. "The Maltreatment–Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males: What about Psychopathy?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159584