Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh

Sultana, Naznin; Nguyen, Thao T. P.; Hossain, Ahmed; Asaduzzaman, Md.; Nguyen, Minh H.; Jahan, Ishrat; Nguyen, Kien T.; Duong, Tuyen Van

doi:10.3390/ijerph19137935

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh

by

Naznin Sultana

^1,†

,

Thao T. P. Nguyen

^2,†

,

Ahmed Hossain

^1,3,4

,

Md. Asaduzzaman

⁵

,

Minh H. Nguyen

⁶

,

Ishrat Jahan

¹

,

Kien T. Nguyen

^7,*

and

Tuyen Van Duong

^8,*

¹

Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh

²

Health Personnel Training Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49120, Vietnam

³

Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh

⁴

Research and Development, Health Management BD Foundation, Cox’s Bazar 4700, Bangladesh

⁵

Department of Public Health Nutrition, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh

⁶

International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan

⁷

Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 11910, Vietnam

⁸

School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7935; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137935

Submission received: 14 April 2022 / Revised: 17 June 2022 / Accepted: 24 June 2022 / Published: 28 June 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Assessment of Wellbeing and Mental Health: A Global Public Health Issue)

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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a Comprehensive Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and (2) examine the associated factors of GDS-SF among the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 in Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh. Data of 377 elderly were collected, including socio-demographic characteristics, social supports, comorbidities, sleep behaviours, and depression (as measured by the GDS-SF). We used the principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis to validate GDS-SF, and explore its associations. Results: The GDS-SF was reliable and homogeneous with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.836, and McDonald’s Omega = 0.841, with no floor/ceiling effects. The questionnaire demonstrated a good construct validity with item-scale convergent validity and KMO measure of sampling adequacy (0.869 for the total sample, 0.838 for the community subsample, and 0.851 for the slum subsample). In the multivariate model, older people had a higher likelihood of moderate and severe depression (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.12; p = 0.048). The likelihood of having moderate and severe depression was lower in men (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28, 0.85; p = 0.011) and those satisfied with their children’s support (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.08, 0.35; p < 0.001), compared with their counterparts, respectively. Conclusions: The GDS-SF is a reliable and valid survey tool for evaluating depression in Bangladeshi older adults. Age, gender, and satisfaction with children’s support were predictors of depression.

Keywords: short-form geriatric depression scale; psychometric properties; reliability; validity; principal component analysis; peer support; satisfaction; the elderly; Bangladesh

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sultana, N.; Nguyen, T.T.P.; Hossain, A.; Asaduzzaman, M.; Nguyen, M.H.; Jahan, I.; Nguyen, K.T.; Duong, T.V. Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137935

AMA Style

Sultana N, Nguyen TTP, Hossain A, Asaduzzaman M, Nguyen MH, Jahan I, Nguyen KT, Duong TV. Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137935

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sultana, Naznin, Thao T. P. Nguyen, Ahmed Hossain, Md. Asaduzzaman, Minh H. Nguyen, Ishrat Jahan, Kien T. Nguyen, and Tuyen Van Duong. 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137935

APA Style

Sultana, N., Nguyen, T. T. P., Hossain, A., Asaduzzaman, M., Nguyen, M. H., Jahan, I., Nguyen, K. T., & Duong, T. V. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137935

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Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) and Its Associated Factors among the Elderly in Bangladesh

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