Epidemiology of Δ8THC-Related Carcinogenesis in USA: A Panel Regression and Causal Inferential Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Continuous Bivariate Analysis
3.2. Categorical Bivariate Analysis
3.3. Multivariable Panel Regression
3.4. Temporally Lagged Panel Models
3.4.1. Two Years Temporal Lag
3.4.2. Four Years Temporal Lag
3.4.3. Marginal Effects
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Results
4.2. Mechanisms
4.3. Mechanisms of Cannabinoid Carcinogenesis
4.4. Recent DNA Methylation Studies
4.5. Chromosomal Structural Observations
4.5.1. Shedding of Chromosomal Arms and Possible Breakage–Fusion–Bridge Cycles
4.5.2. Errors of Meiosis and Mitosis
4.5.3. Epigenomic Control of Chromosomal Centromeric Function
4.5.4. Epigenomic Impacts on DNA Breakage Sites
4.5.5. Cannabinoids Deliver Multiple Carcinogenic Insults
4.6. Causal Inference
4.7. Generalizability
4.8. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cancer | Cases in Quintile 5 | Non-Cases in Quintile 5 | Cases in Quintile 1 | Non-Cases in Quintile 1 | R.R. | R.R. (Lower C.I.) | R.R. (Upper C.I.) | A.F.E. | A.F.E. (Lower C.I.) | A.F.E. (Upper C.I.) | P.A.R. | P.A.R. (Lower C.I.) | P.A.R. (Upper C.I.) | Chi. Squared | p-Value | E-Value Estimate | E-Value (Lower C.I.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melanoma | 100,207 | 384,314,333 | 115,471 | 540,452,122 | 1.2203 | 1.2100 | 1.2307 | 0.1805 | 0.1736 | 0.1874 | 0.0839 | 0.0803 | 0.0875 | 2134.601 | 0 | 1.74 | 1.71 |
Liver | 49,147 | 384,365,393 | 62,900 | 540,504,693 | 1.0987 | 1.0859 | 1.1118 | 0.0899 | 0.0791 | 0.1005 | 0.0394 | 0.0344 | 0.0444 | 244.865 | 1.71 × 10−55 | 1.43 | 1.39 |
Corpus_Uteri | 78,333 | 384,336,207 | 100,741 | 540,466,852 | 1.0934 | 1.0833 | 1.1037 | 0.0854 | 0.0769 | 0.0939 | 0.0374 | 0.0334 | 0.0413 | 351.830 | 8.46 × 10−79 | 1.41 | 1.38 |
Anorectum | 10,462 | 384,404,078 | 13,537 | 540,554,056 | 1.0868 | 1.0594 | 1.1149 | 0.0799 | 0.0561 | 0.1030 | 0.0348 | 0.0240 | 0.0455 | 40.895 | 8.03 × 10−11 | 1.39 | 1.31 |
Thyroid | 67,875 | 384,346,665 | 89,788 | 540,477,805 | 1.0630 | 1.0525 | 1.0737 | 0.0593 | 0.0499 | 0.0686 | 0.0255 | 0.0213 | 0.0297 | 144.443 | 1.42 × 10−33 | 1.32 | 1.29 |
Gastric_Cardia | 144,970 | 384,269,570 | 193,373 | 540,374,220 | 1.0542 | 1.0471 | 1.0614 | 0.0514 | 0.0450 | 0.0579 | 0.0220 | 0.0192 | 0.0249 | 231.159 | 1.67 × 10−52 | 1.29 | 1.27 |
AML | 23,937 | 384,390,603 | 31,708 | 540,535,885 | 1.0616 | 1.0439 | 1.0795 | 0.0580 | 0.0421 | 0.0737 | 0.0250 | 0.0179 | 0.0320 | 48.720 | 1.48 × 10−12 | 1.32 | 1.26 |
Pancreas | 67,490 | 384,347,050 | 90,446 | 540,477,147 | 1.0493 | 1.0389 | 1.0598 | 0.0470 | 0.0374 | 0.0564 | 0.0201 | 0.0159 | 0.0242 | 89.545 | 1.50 × 10−21 | 1.28 | 1.24 |
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer | 249,834 | 384,164,706 | 337,900 | 540,229,693 | 1.0397 | 1.0344 | 1.0451 | 0.0382 | 0.0332 | 0.0432 | 0.0162 | 0.0141 | 0.0184 | 218.017 | 1.22 × 10−49 | 1.24 | 1.22 |
Breast | 337,544 | 384,076,996 | 462,078 | 540,105,515 | 1.0272 | 1.0227 | 1.0318 | 0.0265 | 0.0222 | 0.0308 | 0.0112 | 0.0093 | 0.0130 | 140.859 | 8.63 × 10−33 | 1.19 | 1.17 |
Testis | 52,627 | 1,726,611,593 | 19,713 | 670,166,199 | 1.0362 | 1.0194 | 1.0533 | 0.0349 | 0.0190 | 0.0506 | 0.0254 | 0.0137 | 0.0369 | 18.136 | 1.03 × 10−5 | 1.23 | 1.16 |
Oropharynx | 63,178 | 384,351,362 | 87,440 | 540,480,153 | 1.0160 | 1.0057 | 1.0265 | 0.0158 | 0.0057 | 0.0258 | 0.0066 | 0.0023 | 0.0109 | 9.276 | 0.0012 | 1.14 | 1.08 |
Myeloma | 31,335 | 384,383,205 | 44,787 | 540,522,806 | 0.9838 | 0.9697 | 0.9982 | −0.0164 | −0.0312 | −0.0019 | −0.0068 | −0.0128 | −0.0008 | 4.889 | 0.0135 | 1.15 | - |
Bladder | 103,627 | 384,310,913 | 148,415 | 540,419,178 | 0.9819 | 0.9741 | 0.9897 | −0.0185 | −0.0266 | −0.0104 | −0.0076 | −0.0109 | −0.0043 | 20.478 | 3.02 × 10−6 | 1.16 | - |
Vulva.&.Vagina | 375,122,812 | 20,981 | 536,846,206 | 0.9803 | 0.9597 | 1.0013 | −0.0201 | −0.0420 | 0.0013 | −0.0082 | −0.0169 | 0.0005 | 3.370 | 0.0332 | 1.16 | - | |
CML | 9482 | 373,925,516 | 13,840 | 532,699,861 | 0.9760 | 0.9509 | 1.0019 | −0.0246 | −0.0517 | 0.0019 | −0.0100 | −0.0208 | 0.0007 | 3.313 | 0.0344 | 1.18 | - |
Penis | 2283 | 312,646,824 | 3380 | 451,235,667 | 0.9749 | 0.9244 | 1.0280 | −0.0258 | −0.0817 | 0.0272 | −0.0104 | −0.0323 | 0.0110 | 0.884 | 0.1736 | 1.19 | - |
Esophagus | 23,815 | 382,573,677 | 34,228 | 535,139,818 | 0.9732 | 0.9573 | 0.9895 | −0.0275 | −0.0446 | −0.0106 | −0.0113 | −0.0182 | −0.0044 | 10.330 | 6.54 × 10−4 | 1.20 | - |
ALL | 6865 | 344,103,689 | 9149 | 445,794,343 | 0.9721 | 0.9422 | 1.0030 | −0.0287 | −0.0614 | 0.0030 | −0.0123 | −0.0260 | 0.0012 | 3.140 | 0.0382 | 1.20 | - |
Brain | 29,472 | 384,385,068 | 42,767 | 540,524,826 | 0.9691 | 0.9548 | 0.9835 | −0.0319 | −0.0474 | −0.0167 | −0.0130 | −0.0192 | −0.0069 | 17.236 | 1.65 × 10−5 | 1.21 | - |
Kidney | 82,655 | 384,331,885 | 120,241 | 540,447,352 | 0.9666 | 0.9581 | 0.9752 | −0.0345 | −0.0437 | −0.0254 | −0.0141 | −0.0177 | −0.0104 | 56.391 | 2.97 × 10−14 | 1.22 | - |
NH_Lymphoma | 93,104 | 384,321,436 | 137,276 | 540,430,317 | 0.9537 | 0.9458 | 0.9617 | −0.0485 | −0.0573 | −0.0398 | −0.0196 | −0.0230 | −0.0162 | 124.585 | 3.14 × 10−29 | 1.27 | - |
Gall_Bladder | 14,123 | 370,777,042 | 21,633 | 534,521,894 | 0.9412 | 0.9214 | 0.9613 | −0.0625 | −0.0853 | −0.0402 | −0.0247 | −0.0333 | −0.0161 | 31.433 | 1.03 × 10−8 | 1.32 | - |
Stomach | 32,140 | 384,382,400 | 48,205 | 540,519,388 | 0.9376 | 0.9244 | 0.9509 | −0.0666 | −0.0817 | −0.0516 | −0.0266 | −0.0324 | −0.0209 | 80.166 | 1.72 × 10−19 | 1.33 | - |
All_Cancer | 2,151,597 | 382,262,943 | 3,244,348 | 537,323,245 | 0.9326 | 0.9310 | 0.9342 | −0.0723 | −0.0741 | −0.0705 | −0.0288 | −0.0295 | −0.0281 | 6343.397 | 0 | 1.35 | - |
Hodgkins | 10,210 | 384,404,330 | 15,405 | 540,552,188 | 0.9320 | 0.9090 | 0.9556 | −0.0730 | −0.1001 | −0.0465 | −0.0291 | −0.0394 | −0.0189 | 30.469 | 1.70 × 10−8 | 1.35 | - |
CLL | 26,057 | 384,388,483 | 39,705 | 540,527,888 | 0.9228 | 0.9085 | 0.9374 | −0.0836 | −0.1007 | −0.0668 | −0.0331 | −0.0395 | −0.0267 | 101.487 | 3.60 × 10−24 | 1.38 | - |
Ovary | 26,688 | 384,387,852 | 43,321 | 540,524,272 | 0.8663 | 0.8532 | 0.8796 | −0.1543 | −0.1721 | −0.1369 | −0.0588 | −0.0650 | −0.0527 | 340.797 | 2.14 × 10−76 | 1.58 | - |
Lung | 272,701 | 384,141,839 | 452,339 | 540,115,254 | 0.8478 | 0.8437 | 0.8518 | −0.1796 | −0.1852 | −0.1740 | −0.0675 | −0.0695 | −0.0656 | 4654.942 | 0 | 1.64 | - |
Cervix | 14,961 | 384,399,579 | 25,037 | 540,542,556 | 0.8403 | 0.8234 | 0.8575 | −0.1901 | −0.2144 | −0.1662 | −0.0711 | −0.0792 | −0.0630 | 284.293 | 4.36 × 10−64 | 1.67 | - |
Colorectal | 171,103 | 384,243,437 | 286,861 | 540,280,732 | 0.8388 | 0.8338 | 0.8438 | −0.1922 | −0.1994 | −0.1851 | −0.0718 | −0.0742 | −0.0694 | 3323.813 | 0 | 1.67 | - |
Larynx | 14,027 | 384,400,513 | 26,349 | 540,541,244 | 0.7486 | 0.7334 | 0.7641 | −0.3358 | −0.3635 | −0.3087 | −0.1167 | −0.1246 | −0.1087 | 772.855 | 2.15 × 10−170 | 2.01 | - |
Prostate | 218,368 | 384,196,172 | 413,423 | 540,154,170 | 0.7428 | 0.7389 | 0.7466 | −0.3463 | −0.3533 | −0.3394 | −0.1197 | −0.1217 | −0.1177 | 12739.787 | 0 | 2.03 | - |
Kaposi | 1270 | 177,333,272 | 1589 | 143,565,460 | 0.6471 | 0.6010 | 0.6966 | −0.5455 | −0.6638 | −0.4356 | −0.2423 | −0.2837 | −0.2023 | 135.891 | 1.05 × 10−31 | 2.46 | - |
Cancer | Term | Estimate | Std. Error | t-Statistic | S.D. | Adj. R. Squared | p-Value | E-Value Estimate | E-Value (Lower C.I.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All_Cancer | cigmon: Δ8THC | 798.48 | 80.06 | 9.97 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 3.15 × 10−21 | Infinity | Infinity |
Lung | cigmon: Δ8THC | 2052.34 | 228.44 | 8.98 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 8.11 × 10−18 | Infinity | Infinity |
Stomach | cigmon: Δ8THC | 3221.86 | 395.94 | 8.14 | 1.17 | 0.02 | 4.33 × 10−15 | Infinity | Infinity |
Gall_Bladder | cigmon: Δ8THC | 2700.28 | 340.42 | 7.93 | 0.99 | −0.04 | 2.32 × 10−14 | Infinity | Infinity |
NH_Lymphoma | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1326.92 | 170.89 | 7.76 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 5.96 × 10−14 | Infinity | Infinity |
Kidney | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1253.70 | 162.80 | 7.70 | 0.48 | 0.09 | 9.27 × 10−14 | Infinity | Infinity |
CML | cigmon: Δ8THC | 2204.88 | 308.65 | 7.14 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 4.42 × 10−12 | Infinity | Infinity |
Thyroid | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1681.77 | 242.80 | 6.93 | 0.72 | −0.01 | 1.57 × 10−11 | Infinity | Infinity |
Vulva.&.Vagina | cigmon: Δ8THC | 2190.07 | 328.80 | 6.66 | 0.97 | 0.04 | 8.29 × 10−11 | Infinity | Infinity |
Bladder | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1224.02 | 190.07 | 6.44 | 0.56 | 0.22 | 3.18 × 10−10 | Infinity | Infinity |
Pancreas | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1553.31 | 245.48 | 6.33 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 6.22 × 10−10 | Infinity | Infinity |
Cervix | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1859.44 | 320.08 | 5.81 | 0.95 | 0.08 | 1.22 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
NH_Lymphoma | Δ8THC: AUD | 2282.42 | 393.82 | 5.80 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 1.31 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Stomach | Δ8THC: AUD | 5230.42 | 912.47 | 5.73 | 1.17 | 0.02 | 1.86 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Prostate | cigmon: Δ8THC: AUD | 8926.85 | 1562.45 | 5.71 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 2.06 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
All_Cancer | Δ8THC: AUD | 1052.81 | 184.49 | 5.71 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 2.14 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Lung | Δ8THC: AUD | 2939.06 | 526.46 | 5.58 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 4.19 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Corpus_Uteri | cigmon: Δ8THC | 1158.96 | 213.51 | 5.43 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 9.50 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Melanoma | cigmon: Δ8THC: AUD | 56,176.95 | 10656.53 | 5.27 | 2.64 | 0.04 | 2.14 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
ALL | cigmon: Δ8THC: AUD | 34,385.14 | 6634.60 | 5.18 | 1.53 | −0.04 | 3.67 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
Colorectal | Δ8THC: AUD | 1353.86 | 266.99 | 5.07 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 5.88 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
CML | Δ8THC: AUD | 3523.42 | 702.47 | 5.02 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 8.01 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
Colorectal | cigmon: Δ8THC | 553.21 | 115.85 | 4.78 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 2.46 × 10−6 | Infinity | Infinity |
Covariate | Number of Cancers | Total Negative Exponent of p-Value | Total Negative Exponent of Lower E-Value Bound |
---|---|---|---|
AIAN American | 14 | 48 | 10 |
AUD | 15 | 73 | 171 |
Cigarettes | 6 | 31 | 24 |
Cigarettes: AUD | 8 | 19 | 208 |
Cigarettes: Δ8THC | 19 | 183 | 4973 |
Cigarettes: Δ8THC: AUD | 7 | 30 | 1884 |
Δ8THC | 7 | 29 | 310 |
AUD: Δ8THC | 16 | 73 | 4404 |
Analgesics | 12 | 287 | 0 |
Asian American | 21 | 121 | 0 |
African_American | 21 | 428 | 0 |
Cocaine | 11 | 68 | 0 |
Hispanic_American | 5 | 11 | 0 |
Median Income | 8 | 93 | 0 |
NHPI_American | 10 | 70 | 53 |
Caucasian American | 22 | 245 | 7 |
Cancer | Term | Estimate | Std. Error | t-Statistic | S.D. | Adj. R. Squared | p-Value | E-Value Estimate | E-Value (Lower C.I.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kidney | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 20,775.83 | 729.67 | 28.47 | 0.35 | −0.03 | 8.04 × 10−78 | Infinity | Infinity |
AML | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 37,051.70 | 1513.53 | 24.48 | 0.72 | −0.06 | 2.36 × 10−66 | Infinity | Infinity |
Pancreas | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 30,354.71 | 1244.74 | 24.39 | 0.60 | −0.06 | 4.51 × 10−66 | Infinity | Infinity |
Kidney | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 6008.51 | 278.08 | 21.61 | 0.35 | −0.03 | 1.44 × 10−57 | Infinity | Infinity |
AML | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 11,523.47 | 576.82 | 19.98 | 0.72 | −0.06 | 2.09 × 10−52 | Infinity | Infinity |
Larynx | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 42,033.01 | 2140.10 | 19.64 | 1.02 | 0.12 | 2.54 × 10−51 | Infinity | Infinity |
Brain | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 103,777.35 | 5628.18 | 18.44 | 0.63 | −0.06 | 2.01 × 10−47 | Infinity | Infinity |
Pancreas | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 8433.65 | 474.38 | 17.78 | 0.60 | −0.06 | 2.93 × 10−45 | Infinity | Infinity |
Vulva.&.Vagina | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 13,904.77 | 815.61 | 17.05 | 1.02 | 0.12 | 7.47 × 10−43 | Infinity | Infinity |
All_Cancer | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 4404.42 | 263.84 | 16.69 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 1.12 × 10−41 | Infinity | Infinity |
Brain | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1766.26 | 115.19 | 15.33 | 0.63 | −0.06 | 3.70 × 10−37 | Infinity | Infinity |
Liver | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 15,683.99 | 1078.13 | 14.55 | 0.52 | 0.22 | 1.52 × 10−34 | Infinity | Infinity |
ALL | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 80,386.15 | 6115.36 | 13.14 | 0.66 | −0.08 | 3.84 × 10−28 | Infinity | Infinity |
Liver | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 4887.56 | 410.89 | 11.90 | 0.52 | 0.22 | 8.25 × 10−26 | Infinity | Infinity |
ALL | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1491.45 | 125.55 | 11.88 | 0.66 | −0.08 | 1.96 × 10−24 | Infinity | Infinity |
Oropharynx | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 42,596.04 | 3835.11 | 11.11 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 2.79 × 10−23 | Infinity | Infinity |
EsophLagus | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 79,727.71 | 7246.10 | 11.00 | 0.80 | −0.06 | 8.94 × 10−23 | Infinity | Infinity |
All_Cancer | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1092.50 | 100.55 | 10.87 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 1.63 × 10−22 | Infinity | Infinity |
CLL | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 16,144.24 | 1490.78 | 10.83 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 2.11 × 10−22 | Infinity | Infinity |
NH_Lymphoma | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 11,559.70 | 1096.50 | 10.54 | 0.52 | −0.03 | 1.68 × 10−21 | Infinity | Infinity |
EsophLagus | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1551.04 | 148.10 | 10.47 | 0.80 | −0.06 | 3.93 × 10−21 | Infinity | Infinity |
Oropharynx | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 765.23 | 78.49 | 9.75 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 4.72 × 10−19 | Infinity | Infinity |
Myeloma | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 51,756.76 | 5401.86 | 9.58 | 0.61 | 0.02 | 1.52 × 10−18 | Infinity | Infinity |
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 23,566.70 | 2616.35 | 9.01 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 7.76 × 10−17 | Infinity | Infinity |
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 461.33 | 53.55 | 8.61 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 1.07 × 10−15 | Infinity | Infinity |
Bladder | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 11,273.58 | 1317.42 | 8.56 | 0.63 | 0.06 | 1.57 × 10−15 | Infinity | Infinity |
Anorectum | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 16,569.38 | 1977.38 | 8.38 | 0.95 | −0.02 | 5.04 × 10−15 | Infinity | Infinity |
CLL | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 4683.01 | 568.15 | 8.24 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 1.23 × 10−14 | Infinity | Infinity |
Lung | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 9636.37 | 1178.24 | 8.18 | 0.56 | 0.10 | 1.85 × 10−14 | Infinity | Infinity |
Myeloma | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 856.96 | 110.56 | 7.75 | 0.61 | 0.02 | 2.81 × 10−13 | Infinity | Infinity |
Thyroid | lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 6736.53 | 885.15 | 7.61 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 6.73 × 10−13 | Infinity | Infinity |
Bladder | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 3651.37 | 502.08 | 7.27 | 0.63 | 0.06 | 5.33 × 10−12 | Infinity | Infinity |
Anorectum | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 4954.17 | 753.59 | 6.57 | 0.95 | −0.02 | 3.18 × 10−10 | Infinity | Infinity |
Prostate | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 16,430.44 | 2513.72 | 6.54 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 3.94 × 10−10 | Infinity | Infinity |
NH_Lymphoma | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 2661.93 | 417.88 | 6.37 | 0.52 | −0.03 | 9.98 × 10−10 | Infinity | Infinity |
Ovary | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 41,343.79 | 6533.78 | 6.33 | 0.73 | −0.02 | 1.26 × 10−9 | Infinity | Infinity |
Ovary | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 806.38 | 133.73 | 6.03 | 0.73 | −0.02 | 6.38 × 10−9 | Infinity | Infinity |
Thyroid | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1993.67 | 337.34 | 5.91 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 1.21 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Breast | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 10,735.82 | 1828.95 | 5.87 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 1.49 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Prostate | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 299.18 | 51.45 | 5.82 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 1.99 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Breast | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 210.27 | 37.43 | 5.62 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 5.51 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Hodgkins | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1216.18 | 217.41 | 5.59 | 1.19 | 0.03 | 6.20 × 10−8 | Infinity | Infinity |
Lung | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 2417.46 | 449.04 | 5.38 | 0.56 | 0.10 | 1.78 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
Hodgkins | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 55,559.09 | 10,622.37 | 5.23 | 1.19 | 0.03 | 3.76 × 10−7 | Infinity | Infinity |
Vulva.&.Vagina | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 61,495.75 | 13,454.10 | 4.57 | 1.51 | −0.01 | 8.25 × 10−6 | Infinity | Infinity |
Stomach | lag(cigmon, 4): lag(Δ8THC, 4): lag(AUD, 4) | 33,237.10 | 7879.98 | 4.22 | 0.89 | −0.03 | 3.53 × 10−5 | Infinity | Infinity |
Stomach | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 669.75 | 161.28 | 4.15 | 0.89 | −0.03 | 4.61 × 10−5 | Infinity | Infinity |
Corpus_Uteri | Caucasian American | 2187.58 | 1013.65 | 2.16 | 0.48 | −0.01 | 3.19 × 10−2 | Infinity | Infinity |
Vulva.&.Vagina | lag(Δ8THC, 4) | 1006.92 | 275.18 | 3.66 | 1.51 | −0.01 | 3.19 × 10−4 | Infinity | 2.31 × 10123 |
Covariate | Number of Cancers | Total Negative Exponent of p-Value | Total Negative Exponent of Lower E-Value Bound |
---|---|---|---|
AIAN American | 15 | 112 | 38 |
AUD | 10 | 69 | 282 |
Cigarettes | 9 | 43 | 58 |
Cigarettes: AUD | 18 | 303 | 3674 |
Cigarettes: Δ8THC | 12 | 306 | 3684 |
Cigarettes: Δ8THC: AUD | 12 | 199 | 3684 |
Δ8THC | 12 | 169 | 3400 |
AUD: Δ8THC | 13 | 437 | 3991 |
Analgesics | 5 | 9 | 0 |
Asian American | 15 | 123 | 0 |
African_American | 19 | 294 | 0 |
Cocaine | 8 | 37 | 0 |
Hispanic_American | 3 | 5 | 0 |
Median Income | 6 | 70 | 0 |
NHPI_American | 8 | 11 | 9 |
Caucasian American | 17 | 109 | 5 |
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Reece, A.S.; Hulse, G.K. Epidemiology of Δ8THC-Related Carcinogenesis in USA: A Panel Regression and Causal Inferential Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137726
Reece AS, Hulse GK. Epidemiology of Δ8THC-Related Carcinogenesis in USA: A Panel Regression and Causal Inferential Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137726
Chicago/Turabian StyleReece, Albert Stuart, and Gary Kenneth Hulse. 2022. "Epidemiology of Δ8THC-Related Carcinogenesis in USA: A Panel Regression and Causal Inferential Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137726