Analysis of the Different Scenarios of Coach’s Anger on the Performance of Youth Basketball Teams
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design of the Study
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
- (a)
- Period;
- (b)
- Minute;
- (c)
- Score;
- (d)
- Situation—1: attack; 2: defence; 3: time-out; 4: rest; 5: others;
- (e)
- Coach per team: E1 and E2; assistant per team: A1 and A2;
- (f)
- Intensity—1: low (an angry gesture or tone of voice); 2: medium (when the level of anger causes the team to perceive it clearly); 3: high (when the gesture or tone shows aggressiveness);
- (g)
- Cause—1: attack situation; 2: defence situation; 3: referee’s decision; 4: others;
- (h)
- At whom—1: team on the field; 2: team on bench; 3: specific player; 4: referees; 5: control table; 6: others;
- (i)
- Observations: to describe the play or identify relevant aspects that complement the information.
- (j)
- Accumulated anger: 1 if cumulative; 0 if not cumulative;
- (k)
- Points scored and conceded in the 3 previous and subsequent possessions in attack and defence, taking the score carried over. For example, after the anger event we wrote down the points score in the first attack possession and the points conceded in the first defence possession [33].
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 120 (22.1%) | N = 80 (14.7%) | N = 77 (14.2%) | N = 85 (15.6%) | N = 82 (15.1%) | N = 100 (18.4%) | ||
Variables | BIC | 6233.2 | 5967.9 | 5708.4 | 5479.4 | 5305.3 | 5146.9 |
Period (I = 1.0) | 1° | 15.0 | 0 | 0 | 35.3 | 31.7 | 51.0 |
2° | 45.8 | 100 | 3.9 | 12.9 | 0 | 15.0 | |
3° | 31.7 | 0 | 64.9 | 7.1 | 39.0 | 22.0 | |
4° | 7.5 | 0 | 31.2 | 44.7 | 29.3 | 12.0 | |
Intensity (I = 0.54) | Low | 55.8 | 65.0 | 46.8 | 0 | 73.2 | 100 |
Medium | 41.7 | 22.5 | 53.2 | 92.9 | 20.7 | 0 | |
High | 2.5 | 12.5 | 0 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 0 | |
Cause (I = 0.35) | Attack | 18.3 | 18.8 | 14.3 | 28.2 | 12.2 | 24.0 |
Defence | 44.2 | 20.0 | 58.4 | 43.5 | 17.1 | 36.0 | |
Referee | 32.5 | 56.3 | 22.1 | 22.4 | 64.6 | 37.0 | |
Others | 3.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 2.0 | |
Two episodes | 1.7 | 0 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 0 | 1.0 | |
Episodes of anger (I = 0.94) | Single | 0 | 96.3 | 100 | 69.4 | 61.0 | 100 |
Acumulated | 100 | 3.7 | 0 | 30.6 | 39.0 | 0 | |
Score difference (I = 0.811) | Losing > 21 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Losing 7–20 | 19.2 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 0 | 53.7 | 18.0 | |
Winning 5–19 | 10.8 | 26.3 | 10.4 | 16.5 | 46.3 | 3.0 | |
Winning > 20 | 15.0 | 8.8 | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Level −6 to 4 | 52.5 | 50.0 | 26.0 | 83.5 | 0 | 79.0 |
Before | After | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | DT | M | DT | Z | p | |
Cluster 1 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 120 | 0.52 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.97 | −1.19 | 0.23 |
Scoredpoints2PB | 120 | 0.97 | 1.17 | 1.37 | 1.44 | −2.25 | 0.02 * |
Scoredpoints3PB | 120 | 1.44 | 1.67 | 1.95 | 1.74 | −2.39 | 0.02 * |
Concededpoints1PB | 120 | 0.98 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 1.08 | −0.29 | 0.77 |
Concededpoints2PB | 120 | 1.77 | 1.62 | 1.58 | 1.31 | −0.94 | 0.35 |
Concededpoints3PB | 120 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 2.38 | 1.74 | −0.39 | 0.69 |
Cluster 2 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 80 | 0.64 | 1.12 | 0.79 | 1.10 | −0.80 | 0.42 |
Scoredpoints2PB | 80 | 1.40 | 1.72 | 1.60 | 1.51 | −0.67 | 0.50 |
Scoredpoints3PB | 80 | 2.13 | 2.10 | 2.45 | 1.97 | −0.88 | 0.38 |
Concededpoints1PB | 80 | 0.84 | 1.19 | 0.81 | 1.08 | −0.25 | 0.80 |
Concededpoints2PB | 80 | 1.56 | 1.45 | 1.55 | 1.62 | −0.01 | 0.99 |
Concededpoints3PB | 80 | 2.14 | 1.77 | 2.21 | 1.90 | −0.37 | 0.71 |
Cluster 3 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 77 | 0.51 | 0.95 | 0.44 | 0.82 | −0.52 | 0.60 |
Scoredpoints2PB | 77 | 1.09 | 1.33 | 0.94 | 1.24 | −0.88 | 0.38 |
Scoredpoints3PB | 77 | 2.03 | 1.78 | 1.68 | 1.63 | −1.28 | 0.20 |
Concededpoints1PB | 77 | 1.01 | 1.13 | 0.64 | 0.87 | −2.48 | 0.01* |
Concededpoints2PB | 77 | 1.52 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.31 | −0.80 | 0.62 |
Concededpoints3PB | 77 | 2.14 | 1.79 | 2.08 | 1.64 | −0.40 | 0.93 |
Cluster 4 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 85 | 0.61 | 1.05 | 0.71 | 1.11 | −0.50 | 0.62 |
Scoredpoints2PB | 85 | 1.19 | 1.43 | 1.42 | 1.51 | −0.95 | 0.34 |
Scoredpoints3PB | 85 | 1.93 | 1.86 | 1.94 | 1.76 | −0.04 | 0.97 |
Concededpoints1PB | 85 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 0.76 | 1.02 | −0.34 | 0.02 * |
Concededpoints2PB | 85 | 1.73 | 1.52 | 1.56 | 1.46 | −0.73 | 0.43 |
Concededpoints3PB | 85 | 2.35 | 1.85 | 2.44 | 1.64 | −1.93 | 0.69 |
Cluster 5 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 82 | 0.72 | 1.07 | 0.63 | 1.02 | −0.43 | 0.67 |
Scoredpoints2PB | 82 | 1.27 | 1.45 | 1.26 | 1.41 | −0.07 | 0.95 |
Scoredpoints3PB | 82 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.90 | 1.68 | −0.49 | 0.62 |
Concededpoints1PB | 82 | 0.99 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 1.22 | −0.34 | 0.74 |
Concededpoints2PB | 82 | 1.79 | 1.84 | 1.98 | 1.74 | −0.73 | 0.46 |
Concededpoints3PB | 82 | 2.30 | 2.09 | 2.73 | 2.18 | −1.27 | 0.20 |
Cluster 6 | |||||||
Scoredpoints1PB | 100 | 0.49 | 0.95 | 0.87 | 1.17 | −2.31 | 0.02 * |
Scoredpoints2PB | 100 | 1.15 | 1.37 | 1.53 | 1.55 | −1.82 | 0.07 |
Scoredpoints3PB | 100 | 1.76 | 1.56 | 2.14 | 1.81 | −1.51 | 0.13 |
Concededpoints1PB | 100 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.14 | −1.47 | 0.14 |
Concededpoints2PB | 100 | 1.40 | 1.41 | 1.66 | 1.63 | −0.96 | 0.34 |
Concededpoints3PB | 100 | 2.07 | 1.76 | 2.50 | 1.68 | −1.93 | 0.05 * |
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Duque, V.H.; Saenz-López, P.; Gómez-Ruano, M.Á.; Ibáñez-Godoy, S.J.; Conde, C.; Almagro, B.J.; Rebollo, J.A. Analysis of the Different Scenarios of Coach’s Anger on the Performance of Youth Basketball Teams. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010459
Duque VH, Saenz-López P, Gómez-Ruano MÁ, Ibáñez-Godoy SJ, Conde C, Almagro BJ, Rebollo JA. Analysis of the Different Scenarios of Coach’s Anger on the Performance of Youth Basketball Teams. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(1):459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010459
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuque, Victor Hugo, Pedro Saenz-López, Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano, Sergio J. Ibáñez-Godoy, Cristina Conde, Bartolomé J. Almagro, and José Antonio Rebollo. 2022. "Analysis of the Different Scenarios of Coach’s Anger on the Performance of Youth Basketball Teams" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1: 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010459