Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Drugs in Patients with Chronic Diseases Who Go to Pharmacies in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Variables
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total n = 6327 n (%) */x ± s | Non-Adherence n = 3065 (48.4%) n (%) **/x ± s | p | AOR (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female sex | 3585 (56.7) | 1737 (48.5) | 0.959 | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.381 |
Education: | |||||
Primary/other | 3193 (50.5) | 1528 (47.9) | 0.484 | N/I | N/I |
High school | 996 (15.7) | 498 (50.0) | |||
Vocational training | 562 (8.9) | 279 (49.6) | |||
University | 1404 (22.2) | 663 (47.2) | |||
Monthly income (€): | |||||
<800 | 1347 (21.3) | 663 (49.2) | 0.250 | N/I | N/I |
800–1300 | 1574 (24.9) | 793 (50.4) | |||
1300–1850 | 954 (15.1) | 445 (46.6) | |||
1850–2700 | 456 (7.2) | 210 (46.1) | |||
2700–3450 | 201 (3.2) | 107 (53.2) | |||
>3450 | 89 (1.4) | 46 (51.7) | |||
Lives alone | 1140 (18.0) | 579 (50.8) | 0.090 | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.776 |
Difficulty taking medication | 1051 (16.6) | 852 (81.1) | <0.001 | 5.18 (4.26–6.31) | <0.001 |
Mnemonic trick | 1746 (27.6) | 826 (47.3) | 0.438 | N/I | N/I |
Self-medication | 2225 (35.2) | 1331 (59.8) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.62–2.12) | <0.001 |
Has caregiver | 1098 (17.4) | 562 (51.2) | 0.023 | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | 0.265 |
Desires more information | 2776 (43.9) | 1470 (53.0) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.25–1.62) | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 1140 (18.0) | 647 (56.8) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 0.025 |
Physical activity: | |||||
None | 2893 (45.7) | 1506 (52.1) | <0.001 | 1 | |
Low | 1571 (24.8) | 753 (47.9) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.006 | |
Average | 745 (11.8) | 362 (48.6) | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) | 0.225 | |
High | 1038 (16.4) | 396 (38.2) | 0.63 (0.52–0.76) | <0.001 | |
Follows a diet | 2236 (35.3) | 1034 (46.2) | 0.020 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.138 |
Age (years) | 64.7 ± 15.9 | 63.7 ± 16.3 | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.001 |
Number of chronic diseases: | |||||
1 | 1566 (24.8) | 722 (46.1) | 0.047 | N/I | N/I |
2–3 | 3011 (47.6) | 1461 (48.5) | |||
≥4 | 1750 (27.7) | 882 (50.4) | |||
Number of chronic treatments: | |||||
1 | 1776 (28.1) | 838 (47.2) | 0.001 | 1 | |
2–3 | 3289 (52.0) | 1555 (47.3) | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 0.015 | |
≥4 | 1262 (19.9) | 672 (53.2) | 1.57 (1.29–1.92) | <0.001 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 0.798 | N/I | N/I |
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Llorca, C.V.y.; Cortés Castell, E.; Ribera Casado, J.M.; de Lucas Ramos, P.; Casteig Ayestarán, J.L.; Casteig Blanco, A.; Gil Guillén, V.F.; Rizo Baeza, M. Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Drugs in Patients with Chronic Diseases Who Go to Pharmacies in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084308
Llorca CVy, Cortés Castell E, Ribera Casado JM, de Lucas Ramos P, Casteig Ayestarán JL, Casteig Blanco A, Gil Guillén VF, Rizo Baeza M. Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Drugs in Patients with Chronic Diseases Who Go to Pharmacies in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084308
Chicago/Turabian StyleLlorca, Carmen Valdés y, Ernesto Cortés Castell, José Manuel Ribera Casado, Pilar de Lucas Ramos, José Luis Casteig Ayestarán, Amaia Casteig Blanco, Vicente Francisco Gil Guillén, and Mercedes Rizo Baeza. 2021. "Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Drugs in Patients with Chronic Diseases Who Go to Pharmacies in Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084308