Downstream Complications and Healthcare Expenditure after Invasive Procedures for Lung Lesions in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Study Cohort Undergoing Invasive Procedures after Non-Contrast Chest CT
2.3. Matched Cohort Randomly Selected from the General Population
2.4. Downstream Complications and Healthcare Expenditure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study and Matched Cohorts
3.2. Incremental Complication Rates
3.3. Incremental Costs Attributable To Complications
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Cohort (n = 5805) | Without Procedures a (n = 7,849,430) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surgery (n = 1263) | Bronchoscopy (n = 3417) | Needle Biopsy (n = 1125) | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Calendar year | ||||||||
2014 | 380 | 30.1 | 1072 | 31.4 | 357 | 31.7 | 7,051,719 | 89.8 |
2015 | 444 | 35.2 | 1129 | 33.0 | 346 | 30.8 | 406,912 | 5.2 |
2016 | 439 | 34.8 | 1216 | 35.6 | 422 | 37.5 | 390,799 | 5.0 |
Age, years | ||||||||
50–54 | 277 | 21.9 | 482 | 14.1 | 140 | 12.4 | 2,581,833 | 32.9 |
55–59 | 264 | 20.9 | 528 | 15.4 | 174 | 15.5 | 1,688,033 | 21.5 |
60–64 | 257 | 20.4 | 625 | 18.3 | 191 | 17.0 | 1,423,362 | 18.1 |
65–69 | 200 | 15.8 | 518 | 15.2 | 212 | 18.8 | 850,932 | 10.8 |
70–74 | 143 | 11.3 | 584 | 17.1 | 207 | 18.4 | 684,706 | 8.7 |
75–80 | 122 | 9.7 | 680 | 19.9 | 201 | 17.9 | 620,564 | 7.9 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 791 | 62.6 | 2059 | 60.3 | 665 | 59.1 | 3,787,622 | 48.3 |
Female | 472 | 37.4 | 1358 | 39.7 | 460 | 40.9 | 4,061,808 | 51.8 |
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | 778 | 61.6 | 1998 | 58.5 | 669 | 59.5 | 4,825,156 | 61.5 |
Sub-urban | 370 | 29.3 | 961 | 28.1 | 310 | 27.5 | 2,293,026 | 29.2 |
Rural | 115 | 9.1 | 458 | 13.4 | 146 | 13.0 | 731,239 | 9.3 |
Unknown | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0.0 |
CCI score | ||||||||
0 | 405 | 32.1 | 928 | 27.2 | 252 | 22.4 | 5,100,874 | 65.0 |
1 | 295 | 23.3 | 828 | 24.2 | 208 | 18.5 | 1,472,067 | 18.8 |
2 | 202 | 16.0 | 596 | 17.4 | 204 | 18.1 | 683,080 | 8.7 |
≥3 | 361 | 28.6 | 1065 | 31.2 | 461 | 41.0 | 593,409 | 7.6 |
Past one-year healthcare expenditure b | ||||||||
1st quintile | 89 | 7.0 | 189 | 5.5 | 43 | 3.8 | 1,584,424 | 20.2 |
2nd quintile | 92 | 7.3 | 222 | 6.5 | 66 | 5.9 | 1,583,674 | 20.2 |
3rd quintile | 145 | 11.5 | 401 | 11.7 | 88 | 7.8 | 1,581,260 | 20.1 |
4th quintile | 269 | 21.3 | 683 | 20.0 | 188 | 16.7 | 1,575,448 | 20.1 |
5th quintile | 668 | 52.9 | 1922 | 56.3 | 740 | 65.8 | 1,524,624 | 19.4 |
Study Cohort (n = 5805) | Matched Cohort (n = 58,050) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Calendar year | ||||
2014 | 1809 | 31.2 | 18,090 | 31.2 |
2015 | 1919 | 33.1 | 19,190 | 33.1 |
2016 | 2077 | 35.8 | 20,770 | 35.8 |
Age, years | ||||
50–54 | 899 | 15.5 | 8990 | 15.5 |
55–59 | 966 | 16.6 | 9660 | 16.6 |
60–64 | 1073 | 18.5 | 10,730 | 18.5 |
65–69 | 930 | 16.0 | 9300 | 16.0 |
70–74 | 934 | 16.1 | 9340 | 16.1 |
75–80 | 1003 | 17.3 | 10,030 | 17.3 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 3515 | 60.6 | 35,150 | 60.6 |
Female | 2290 | 39.4 | 22,900 | 39.4 |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 3445 | 59.3 | 34,450 | 59.3 |
Sub-urban | 1641 | 28.3 | 16,410 | 28.3 |
Rural | 719 | 12.4 | 7190 | 12.4 |
CCI score | ||||
0 | 1585 | 27.3 | 15,850 | 27.3 |
1 | 1331 | 22.9 | 13,310 | 22.9 |
2 | 1002 | 17.3 | 10,020 | 17.3 |
≥3 | 1887 | 32.5 | 18,870 | 32.5 |
Past one-year healthcare expenditure a | ||||
1st quintile | 321 | 5.5 | 3210 | 5.5 |
2nd quintile | 380 | 6.5 | 3800 | 6.5 |
3rd quintile | 634 | 10.9 | 6340 | 10.9 |
4th quintile | 1140 | 19.6 | 11,400 | 19.6 |
5th quintile | 3330 | 57.4 | 33,300 | 57.4 |
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Yang, S.-C.; Lai, C.-H.; Kuo, C.-W.; Lin, C.-C.; Lai, W.-W.; Wang, J.-D. Downstream Complications and Healthcare Expenditure after Invasive Procedures for Lung Lesions in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084040
Yang S-C, Lai C-H, Kuo C-W, Lin C-C, Lai W-W, Wang J-D. Downstream Complications and Healthcare Expenditure after Invasive Procedures for Lung Lesions in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084040
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Szu-Chun, Ching-Han Lai, Chin-Wei Kuo, Chien-Chung Lin, Wu-Wei Lai, and Jung-Der Wang. 2021. "Downstream Complications and Healthcare Expenditure after Invasive Procedures for Lung Lesions in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084040