Associations between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs: An Examination of Cross-Sectional Data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Variables and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of General Characteristics on the Unmet Dental Care Needs within the Previous 12 Months
3.2. Association between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs
3.3. Association between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs by Gender and Age
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Park, S.Y. Factors affecting the rate of oral examination in the elderly in local communities. J. Korean Soc. Dent. Hyg. 2018, 18, 359–369. [Google Scholar]
- Social Security Committee. General Health Examination Rate. Available online: http://ssc.go.kr/stats/infoStats/stats010100_view.do?indicator_id=486&listFile=stats010200&chartId=2005 (accessed on 20 December 2019).
- KOSIS (Korean Statistical Information Service). Health Checkup Statistics: Status of the Subjects and the Number of Examinees by Gender by Trial. Available online: http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=350&tblId=DT_35007_N035&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=350_35007_A005&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=MT_ZTITLE (accessed on 20 December 2019).
- Hwang, S.H.; Choi, H.S.; Son, S.H. Original: A Survey on Oral Examination Behavior of Adults in Their 20s Based on Transtheoretical Model. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci. 2011, 11, 77–83. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, D.H.; Seo, Y.J. Factors influencing the regular oral check-ups: Based on the data of the 2014 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci. 2017, 17, 323–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hahn, T.W.; Kraus, C.; Hooper-Lane, C. Clinical inquiries: What is the optimal frequency for dental checkups for children and adults? J. Fam. Pract. 2017, 66, 699–700. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Shin, H.S.; Ahn, E.S. Effectiveness of oral examination for infants and toddlers: Effects on subsequent utilization and costs. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2017, 41, 73–79. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, M.H. A survey research on industrial workers’ oral examination status and oral health educational request level. J. Korean Acad. Dent. Hyg. 2010, 10, 185–195. [Google Scholar]
- Cho, Y.S.; Chun, K.H.; Baek, K.W.; Kim, M.S.; Lee, S.J. The relationship of pit and fissure sealant in children and mother’s socioeconomic status, mother’s oral-health screening. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2012, 36, 124–130. [Google Scholar]
- Yoo, S.H.; Park, I.S.; Kim, Y.M. A decision-tree analysis of influential factors and reasons for unmet dental care in Korean adults. Health Soc. Welf. Rev. 2017, 37, 294–335. [Google Scholar]
- European Health Statistics. Unmet Health Care Needs Statistics. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/hlth_silc_22 (accessed on 22 December 2019).
- Moon, S.E.; Song, A.H. Factors affecting unmet dental care needs of Korean: The 6th Korean national health and nutritional examination survey. J. Korean Soc. Dent. Hyg. 2016, 16, 767–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). Available online: http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr (accessed on 20 January 2020).
- Ahn, E.S.; Shin, M.S. Factors related to the unmet dental care needs of adults with dental pain. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci. 2016, 16, 355–360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jeon, J.E.; Chung, W.G.; Kim, N.H. Determinants for dental service utilization among Koreans. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2011, 35, 441–449. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, J.W.; Bae, H.J. A study of the experience of unmet dental care needs among older adults. Health Soc. Welf. Rev. 2019, 39, 365–389. [Google Scholar]
- Yeo, J.Y.; Jeong, H.S. Determinants of dental screening and unmet dental needs: Interaction effect between geographical accessibility and economic afford ability. Korean J. Health Econ. Policy 2012, 18, 109–126. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, N.H.; Chung, W.G.; Jeon, J.E. The reason of unmet dental need related socioeconomic status in Korea: Using the 4th Korea national health and nutritional examination survey. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2012, 36, 73–81. [Google Scholar]
- Che, X.H.; Park, H.J. The relationship between precarious work and unmet dental care needs in South Korea: Focus on job and income insecurity. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2018, 42, 167–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kang, J.H.; Kim, C.W.; Kim, C.S.; Seo, N.K. Unmet dental care needs according to employment status. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2015, 39, 56–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chung, S.Y.; Cho, J.W.; Jung, Y.S.; Kim, H.Y.; Kim, J.Y.; Choi, Y.H.; Song, K.B. Association between unmet needs for dental treatment and the DMFT index among Korean adults. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2017, 41, 267–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kim, Y.G.; Kim, E.J.; Nho, S.H.; Baek, E.J.; Shin, M.S.; Hwang, S.J. Some adults’ opinions about private dental insurance and national dental insurance according to stress of dental treatment cost. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci. 2015, 15, 703–711. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jun, M.J.; Ryu, S.Y. Oral health and behavior by tooth loss: The sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. J. Korea Entertain. Ind. Assoc. 2016, 10, 259–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gładczuk, J.; Kleszczewska, E.; Bojko, O.; Shpakou, A.; Modzelewska, B. Assessment of socio-health determinants of dental check-ups among students of selected Polish, Belarusian and Ukrainian universities. Oral Health Prev. Dent. 2019, 17, 43–48. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Jin, S.B. Working knowledge of National Health Insurance in dental clinic: Dental records and the receipt book. J. Korean Dent. Assoc. 2016, 54, 448–456. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, S.A.; Seo, Y.W.; Woo, K.S.; Shin, Y.J. A systematic review of studies on current status and influencing factors of unmet medical needs in Korea. J. Crit. Soc. Welf. 2019, 62, 53–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yoon, Y.S.; Jung, B.; Kim, D.; Ha, I.H. Factors underlying unmet medical needs: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Varela-Centelles, P.; Diz-Iglesias, P.; Estany-Gestal, A.; Blanco-Hortas, A.; Bugar B-Gonz Bugar BugSeoane-Romero, J.M. Regular dental attendance and periodontal health knowledge: A cross-sectional survey. Oral Dis. 2020, 26, 419–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schouten, B.C.; Mettes, T.G.; Weeda, W.; Hoogstraten, J. Dental check-up frequency: Preferences of Dutch patients. Community Dent. Health 2006, 23, 133–139. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, M.K.; Jin, H.J. The prevalence and association factors of unmet dental care needs in Korean adults: The 5th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. J. Korean Soc. Dent. Hyg. 2015, 15, 787–795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kim, S.Y.; Park, J.; Ryu, S.Y.; Choi, S.W. Factors of unmet dental care needs among oral health problems and dental care patients. J. Health Inform. Stat. 2020, 45, 132–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, Y.H.; Jin, H.J.; Kim, E.K.; Kim, B.I.; Kim, D.K.; Park, D.Y. Comparison between the National Oral Health Survey systems of the United States and South Korea. J. Korean Acad. Oral Health 2013, 37, 167–171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ahn, E.S.; Han, J.H. Measure of unmet dental care needs among Korean adolescent. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci. 2015, 15, 91–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Variables | Division | Total | Yes | No | p-Value ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (% *) | n (% *) | n (% *) | |||
Unmet dental care needs | All | 14,000 (100.0) | 4561 (31.7) | 9439 (68.3) | |
Dental checkups | No | 8056 (56.5) | 3555 (43.3) | 4501 (56.7) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5944 (43.5) | 1006 (16.6) | 4938 (83.4) | ||
Dental service utilization | No | 4062 (29.3) | 2801 (67.1) | 1261 (32.9) | <0.001 |
Yes | 9.938 (70.7) | 1760 (17.0) | 8178 (83.0) | ||
Area | Seoul | 2690 (19.4) | 814 (29.9) | 1876 (70.1) | 0.058 |
Metropolitan city | 3666 (27.8) | 1157 (30.6) | 2509 (69.4) | ||
Other | 7644 (52.8) | 2590 (32.9) | 5054 (67.1) | ||
Sex | Male | 5998 (48.6) | 1761 (29.2) | 4237 (70.8) | <0.001 |
Female | 8002 (51.4) | 2800 (34.0) | 5202 (66.0) | ||
Age | 19–29 | 1559 (16.8) | 415 (25.1) | 1144 (74.9) | <0.001 |
30–39 | 2089 (17.1) | 705 (33.8) | 1384 (66.2) | ||
40–49 | 2625 (20.8) | 864 (32.8) | 1761 (67.2) | ||
50–59 | 2811 (21.2) | 910 (31.7) | 1901 (68.3) | ||
60–69 | 2524 (13.4) | 853 (33.1) | 1671 (66.9) | ||
≥70 | 2392 (10.7) | 814 (34.4) | 1578 (65.6) | ||
Household income | Low | 2697 (15.8) | 1058 (38.5) | 1639 (61.5) | <0.001 |
Middle–low | 3345 (23.2) | 1264 (37.9) | 2081 (62.1) | ||
Middle–high | 3791 (29.0) | 1224 (32.2) | 2567 (67.8) | ||
High | 4167 (32.0) | 1015 (23.3) | 3152 (76.5) | ||
Education | Elementary | 2856 (14.4) | 1058 (38.5) | 1711 (59.5) | <0.001 |
Middle | 1442 (8.9) | 1264 (37.9) | 900 (63.7) | ||
High | 4472 (35.0) | 1224 (32.2) | 3.030 (68.1) | ||
University or high | 5230 (41.7) | 1015 (23.3) | 3.798 (72.6) | ||
Marriage | Married | 11,804 (78.0) | 3909 (32.6) | 7895 (67.4) | <0.001 |
Single | 2196 (22.0) | 652 (28.2) | 1544 (71.8) | ||
Perceived health | Good | 3850 (29.1) | 946 (24.0) | 2904 (76.0) | <0.001 |
Moderate | 7260 (52.3) | 2334 (31.5) | 4926 (68.5) | ||
Bad | 2890 (18.6) | 1281 (44.1) | 1609 (55.9) | ||
Drinking | No | 1579 (9.0) | 538 (33.1) | 1041 (66.9) | 0.282 |
Yes | 12,421 (91.0) | 4023 (31.5) | 8398 (68.5) | ||
Smoking | Current smoker | 2492 (21.3) | 958 (37.4) | 1534 (62.6) | <0.001 |
Past smoker | 3023 (21.6) | 841 (27.4) | 2182 (72.6) | ||
Nonsmoker | 8485 (57.1) | 2762 (31.2) | 5723 (68.8) | ||
Walking days per week | Never | 2707 (17.7) | 1073 (39.5) | 1634 (60.5) | <0.001 |
1–2 | 2331 (16.7) | 786 (33.5) | 1545 (66.5) | ||
3–4 | 2747 (19.7) | 842 (30.0) | 1905 (70.0) | ||
5–6 | 2337 (17.6) | 724 (30.0) | 1613 (70.0) | ||
Everyday | 3878 (28.3) | 1.136 (27.9) | 2742 (72.1) |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value * | OR (95% CI) | p-Value * | OR (95% CI) | p-Value * | |
Dental checkups | ||||||
No | 3.64 (3.30–4.02) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.13–1.44) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Dental service utilization | ||||||
No | 10.04 (8.95–11.25) | <0.001 | 8.87 (7.80–10.09) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Area | ||||||
Seoul | 1.04 (0.93–1.18) | 0.494 | 1.22 (1.07–1.38) | 0.003 | 1.22 (1.07–1.38) | 0.003 |
Metropolitan city | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.413 | 0.87 (0.75–1.06) | 0.061 | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.075 |
Other | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 0.73 (0.64–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.60–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.60–0.78) | <0.001 |
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Age | ||||||
19–29 | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | 0.644 | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.836 | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.856 |
30–39 | 1.68 (1.37–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.01–1.61) | 0.042 | 1.30 (1.03–1.64) | 0.030 |
40–49 | 1.71 (1.41–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.05–1.61) | 0.016 | 1.34 (1.08–1.66) | 0.008 |
50–59 | 1.46 (1.22–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.10–1.64) | 0.003 | 1.36 (1.12–1.66) | 0.002 |
60–69 | 1.31 (1.12–1.53) | 0.001 | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) | 0.012 | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.006 |
≥ 70 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Household income | ||||||
Low | 1.50 (1.28–1.75) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.22–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.19–1.71) | <0.001 |
Middle–low | 1.64 (1.45–1.87) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.31–1.73) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.30–1.72) | <0.001 |
Middle–high | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.19–1.54) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.18–1.54) | <0.001 |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Education | ||||||
Elementary | 1.11 (0.94–1.33) | 0.226 | 1.30 (1.07–1.58) | 0.010 | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.031 |
Middle | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 0.568 | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 0.176 | 1.13 (0.91–1.41) | 0.264 |
High | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.390 | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) | 0.233 | 1.06 (0.95–1.20) | 0.307 |
University | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Marriage | ||||||
Married | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.857 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.718 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.688 |
Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Perceived health | ||||||
Good | 0.49 (0.43–0.56) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.39–0.53) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.39–0.53) | <0.001 |
Moderate | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) | <0.001 |
Bad | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
No | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 0.129 | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.020 | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.019 |
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Smoking | ||||||
Smoker | 1.39 (1.20–1.61) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.07–1.38) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.28–1.77) | <0.001 |
Past smoker | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 0.935 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.204 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.235 |
Nonsmoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Walking days per week | ||||||
Never | 1.28 (1.11–1.47) | 0.001 | 1.20 (1.07–1.38) | 0.027 | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) | 0.036 |
1–2 | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 0.043 | 1.15 (1.07–1.38) | 0.070 | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 0.081 |
3–4 | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.735 | 1.02 (1.07–1.38) | 0.834 | 1.01 (0.87–1.20) | 0.879 |
5–6 | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) | 0.163 | 1.08 (1.07–1.38) | 0.339 | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.319 |
Everyday | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Age, Years | OR (95% CI) | p-Value * | OR (95% CI) | p-Value * | OR (95% CI) | p-Value * |
Male | All | 3.39 (2.91–3.95) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.09–1.59) | 0.005 | 1.22 (1.01–1.48) | 0.038 |
19–29 | 3.13 (1.97–4.96) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.60–1.90) | 0.834 | 0.85 (0.47–1.52) | 0.572 | |
30–39 | 4.89 (3.37–7.10) | <0.001 | 1.56 (0.98–2.49) | 0.061 | 1.51 (0.92–2.47) | 0.104 | |
40–49 | 3.28 (2.44–4.40) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.72–1.56) | 0.752 | 1.00 (0.67–1.49) | 0.982 | |
50–59 | 4.25 (3.11–5.81) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.33–2.82) | 0.001 | 1.77 (1.22–2.58) | 0.003 | |
60–69 | 3.30 (2.33–4.66) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.00–2.27) | 0.050 | 1.32 (0.88–1.98) | 0.182 | |
≥70 | 1.74 (1.15–2.65) | 0.009 | 0.84 (0.52–1.34) | 0.461 | 0.77 (0.47–1.27) | 0.311 | |
Female | All | 4.29 (3.80–4.85) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.28–1.72) | 0.001 | 1.30 (1.12–1.52) | 0.001 |
19–29 | 3.65 (2.49–5.34) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.68–1.82) | 0.670 | 1.04 (0.63–1.71) | 0.874 | |
30–39 | 5.23 (3.85–7.11) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.67–1.59) | 0.883 | 0.94 (0.62–1.44) | 0.788 | |
40–49 | 5.49 (4.19–7.18) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.10–2.23) | 0.014 | 1.40 (0.98–2.02) | 0.068 | |
50–59 | 4.58 (3.59–5.85) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.23–2.30) | 0.001 | 1.43 (1.02–2.02) | 0.040 | |
60–69 | 2.94 (2.20–3.94) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.90–1.71) | 0.180 | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | 0.473 | |
≥70 | 3.92 (2.77–5.54) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.36–2.92) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.20–2.66) | 0.004 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jang, J.-H.; Kim, J.-L.; Kim, J.-H. Associations between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs: An Examination of Cross-Sectional Data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073750
Jang J-H, Kim J-L, Kim J-H. Associations between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs: An Examination of Cross-Sectional Data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073750
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Jong-Hwa, Ji-Liang Kim, and Jae-Hyun Kim. 2021. "Associations between Dental Checkups and Unmet Dental Care Needs: An Examination of Cross-Sectional Data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073750