Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Sampling Sites
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Sample Pretreatment
2.4. Microplastic Observation
2.5. Risk Assessment of MPs in Ponds
2.6. Quality Assurance and Control
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MPs in Surface Water
3.2. MPs in Sediment
3.3. MPs in Commercial Species
3.4. Potential Risk Assessment of MPs in Sediments
4. Discussion
4.1. Pollution of MPs in Surface Water
4.2. Pollution of MPs in Sediment
4.3. Pollution of MPs in Commercial Species
4.4. Potential Effects of MPs on Freshwater Culture, Especially Pond Culture
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Site | PP | PE | Cellulose | PS | PMMA | PET | Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) | PVC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
S2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
S3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
S4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
S5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
S6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Total | 12 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
Percentage | 25% | 22.92% | 20.83% | 2.08% | 6.25% | 12.5% | 8.33% | 2.09% |
Site | Main Polymer | Hazard Level a | The Value of Sn b | The Value of Eir × Cin c | Risk Level Estimation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | PP | I | 1 | 1077 | |
PE | II | 11 | Unfriendly | ||
PMMA | IV | 1021 | |||
EVA | II | 9 | |||
S2 | PP | I | 1 | 10,590 | |
PE | II | 11 | Unfriendly | ||
PVC | V | 10,551 | |||
PET | II | 4 | |||
S3 | PP | I | 1 | 1057 | |
PS | II | 30 | Unfriendly | ||
PMMA | IV | 1021 | |||
PET | II | 4 | |||
S4 | PP | I | 1 | 1048 | |
PE | II | 11 | |||
PMMA | IV | 1021 | Unfriendly | ||
PET | II | 4 | |||
EVA | II | 9 | |||
S5 | PP | I | 1 | 29 | |
PE | II | 11 | Friendly | ||
PET | II | 4 | |||
EVA | II | 9 | |||
S6 | PP | I | 1 | 36 | |
PE | II | 11 | Friendly | ||
EVA | II | 9 | |||
PET | II | 4 |
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Li, Y.; Chen, G.; Xu, K.; Huang, K.; Wang, J. Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041869
Li Y, Chen G, Xu K, Huang K, Wang J. Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041869
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yizheng, Guanglong Chen, Kaihang Xu, Kai Huang, and Jun Wang. 2021. "Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041869
APA StyleLi, Y., Chen, G., Xu, K., Huang, K., & Wang, J. (2021). Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041869