Relations between Child and Parent Fears and Changes in Family Functioning Related to COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. COVID-19 Outbreak and Lockdown Related Fears and Concerns
2.2.2. COVID-19 Outbreak and Lockdown Related Changes and Health Issues
2.2.3. Sociodemographic Variables
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. COVID-19 Related Fear and Concerns
3.3. COVID-19 Fear/Concerns and COVID-19 Outbreak and Lockdown Related Changes and Health Issues
3.3.1. Descriptive Statistics Regarding COVID-19 Related Changes and Health Issues
3.3.2. Links between COVID-19 Fear/Concerns and COVID-19 Related Changes and Health Issues
3.4. COVID-19 Fear/Concerns and Sociodemographic Variables
3.5. Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Changes Related to COVID-19 | Sociodemographic Variables | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family Income | Family Sleep Habits | Access to Health Services | Family Income before COVID-19 | Parent’s Years of Education | |
t-test | t-test | t-test | R | r | |
Parents’ fear and concerns | |||||
Fear of COVID-19 scale | −3.36 * | −0.28 * | −0.28 * | ||
Their physical health | −0.24 * | ||||
Their mental health | −4.15 ** | ||||
Loved ones’ physical health | |||||
Loved ones’ mental health | −2.95 * | −4.38 ** | |||
Financial resources | −4.77 ** | −3.36 * | −0.27 * | ||
Child’s academic performance | |||||
Family difficulties | −5.32 ** | −3.12 * | |||
Access to health services | |||||
Children’s fear and concerns | |||||
Fear of COVID-19 scale | |||||
Their physical health | |||||
Their mental health | −3.18 * | ||||
Loved ones’ physical health | |||||
Loved ones’ mental health | −2.57 * | ||||
Financial resources | |||||
Their academic performance | |||||
Family difficulties | −3.99 ** | ||||
Access to health services |
. | B | SE | β | p | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parents’ fear of COVID-19 | |||||
Changes in family sleep habits | 2.97 | 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.003 | 1.00, 4.93 |
Family income before COVID-19 | |||||
Parent’s years of education | −0.35 | 0.15 | −0.22 | 0.021 | −0.64, −0.05 |
Parents’ concerns about loved ones’ mental health | |||||
Changes in family sleep habits | 0.91 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.041 | 0.04, 1.78 |
Changes in access to health services | 1.55 | 0.41 | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.74, 2.36 |
Parents’ concerns about financial resources | |||||
Changes in family income | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.35 | <0.001 | 0.14, 0.35 |
Changes in family sleep habits | 2.02 | 0.70 | 0.22 | 0.005 | 0.63, 3.41 |
Family income before COVID-19 | −0.23 | 0.08 | −0.22 | 0.004 | −0.39, −0.08 |
Parents’ concerns about family difficulties | |||||
Changes in family sleep habits | 3.40 | 0.72 | 0.37 | <0.001 | 1.97, 4.83 |
Changes in access to health services | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.038 | 0.01, 0.22 |
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Suffren, S.; Dubois-Comtois, K.; Lemelin, J.-P.; St-Laurent, D.; Milot, T. Relations between Child and Parent Fears and Changes in Family Functioning Related to COVID-19. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041786
Suffren S, Dubois-Comtois K, Lemelin J-P, St-Laurent D, Milot T. Relations between Child and Parent Fears and Changes in Family Functioning Related to COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041786
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuffren, Sabrina, Karine Dubois-Comtois, Jean-Pascal Lemelin, Diane St-Laurent, and Tristan Milot. 2021. "Relations between Child and Parent Fears and Changes in Family Functioning Related to COVID-19" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041786