Youth Sports Participation Is More Important among Females than Males for Predicting Physical Activity in Early Adulthood: Iowa Bone Development Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Measurements
2.2.1. Sports Participation
2.2.2. Accelerometry
2.2.3. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
2.2.4. Other Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Continuous Participation | Drop-Out | No Participation | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Total | 271 (46.6) | 211 (36.2) | 100 (17.2) | |
Gender | 0.97 | |||
Female | 139 (47.0) | 107 (36.1) | 50 (16.9) | |
Male | 132 (46.1) | 104 (36.4) | 50 (17.5) | |
Mother’s education | <0.01 | |||
<College graduation | 82 (39.6) | 67 (32.4) | 58 (28.0) | |
≥College graduation | 189 (50.4) | 144 (38.4) | 42 (11.2) | |
Family income | <0.01 | |||
Lower | 129 (38.9) | 124 (37.3) | 79 (23.8) | |
Higher | 142 (56.8) | 87 (34.8) | 21 (8.4) | |
Baseline obesity status a | ||||
Obesity in females | 8 (6.3) | 15 (14.6) | 10 (20.0) | 0.02 |
Obesity in males | 11 (9.4) | 18 (18.8) | 10 (22.7) | 0.05 |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Mother’s high-school sports participation score b | 7.5 ± 7.3 | 5.9 ± 7.0 | 3.5 ± 5.8 | <0.01 |
Father’s high-school sports participation score c | 11.2 ± 7.9 | 8.0 ± 7.2 | 6.2 ± 7.8 | <0.01 |
All | Continuous Participation | Drop-Out | No Participation | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
MPA equivalent, min/wk | |||||
Females (n = 223) | 220 ± 232 | 291 ± 261 | 167 ± 194 | 140 ± 154 | <0.01 |
Males (n = 184) | 297 ± 248 | 347 ± 259 | 339 ± 285 | 264 ± 262 | 0.63 |
MVPA, min/d | |||||
Females (n = 223) | 20 ± 17 | 25 ± 17 | 17 ± 17 | 14 ± 12 | <0.01 |
Males (n = 184) | 28 ± 21 | 29 ± 20 | 28 ± 19 | 26 ± 25 | 0.70 |
FMI, kg/m2 | |||||
Females (n = 223) | 10.3 ± 4.8 | 9.4 ± 4.0 | 11.3 ± 5.3 | 10.5 ± 5.3 | 0.02 |
Males (n = 184) | 7.3 ± 3.6 | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 7.8 ± 3.7 | 7.3 ± 4.3 | 0.28 |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Meeting the aerobic PAG | |||||
Females (n = 223) | 107 (48.2) | 63 (61.8) | 33 (36.3) | 9 (30.0) | <0.01 |
Males (n = 184) | 127 (69.0) | 63 (71.6) | 40 (62.5) | 20 (62.5) | 0.42 |
Excess body fat a | |||||
Females (n = 220) | 70 (31.8) | 25 (23.8) | 34 (40.5) | 11 (35.5) | 0.04 |
Males (n = 188) | 63 (33.5) | 26 (27.1) | 27 (40.9) | 10 (38.5) | 0.16 |
Females without baseline obesity (n = 187) | 51 (27.3) | 19 (20.2) | 24 (35.8) | 8 (30.8) | 0.08 |
Males without baseline obesity (n = 148) | 44 (29.7) | 18 (23.4) | 19 (38.0) | 7 (33.3) | 0.20 |
Female (n = 223) | Male (n = 184) | |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Age in years | 0.87 (0.73, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.15) |
MVPA at baseline, min/d | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
Household income | ||
Lower | Reference | Reference |
Higher | 2.55 (1.38, 4.69) | 1.96 (1.00, 3.83) |
Youth sports participation pattern | ||
No participation | Reference | Reference |
Drop-out | 1.03 (0.41, 2.59) | 0.88 (0.35, 2.20) |
Continuous participation | 2.63 (1.05, 6.55) | 1.28 (0.52, 3.14) |
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Kwon, S.; Letuchy, E.M.; Levy, S.M.; Janz, K.F. Youth Sports Participation Is More Important among Females than Males for Predicting Physical Activity in Early Adulthood: Iowa Bone Development Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031328
Kwon S, Letuchy EM, Levy SM, Janz KF. Youth Sports Participation Is More Important among Females than Males for Predicting Physical Activity in Early Adulthood: Iowa Bone Development Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031328
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwon, Soyang, Elena M. Letuchy, Steven M. Levy, and Kathleen F. Janz. 2021. "Youth Sports Participation Is More Important among Females than Males for Predicting Physical Activity in Early Adulthood: Iowa Bone Development Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031328