A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Conceptualisation of Outdoor Learning
1.2. Outdoor Learning: Key Literature
1.3. Efficacy of Outdoor Learning
2. Method
2.1. Searches
2.2. Search Strategy and Terms
2.3. Article Screening
2.3.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.3.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Article Evaluation
2.5. Data Extraction and Analysis
Quality Assessment
- (1)
- Population
- (2)
- Randomised selection of participants
- (3)
- Sample size
- (4)
- Response and attrition rate
- (5)
- Main variables or concepts
- (6)
- Operationalization of concepts
- (7)
- Numeric tables
- (8)
- Missing data
- (9)
- Appropriateness of statistical techniques
- (10)
- Omitted variable bias
- (11)
- Analysis of main effect variables
- (12)
- Ethics approval
- (1)
- Is there congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology?
- (2)
- Is there congruity between the research methodology and the research question or objectives?
- (3)
- Is there congruity between the research methodology and the methods used to collect data?
- (4)
- Is there congruity between the research methodology and the representation and analysis of data?
- (5)
- Is there congruity between the research methodology and the interpretation of results?
- (6)
- Is there a statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically?
- (7)
- Is the influence of the researcher on the research, and vice- versa, addressed?
- (8)
- Are participants, and their voices, adequately represented?
- (9)
- Is the research ethical according to current criteria or, for recent studies, and is there evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body?
- (10)
- Do the conclusions drawn in the research report flow from the analysis or interpretation of the data?
2.6. Data Synthesis
3. Limitations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Education Outside the Classroom | Learning | Wellbeing |
---|---|---|
Adventure education | Academic | Communication |
Adventure learning | Creativity | Cooperation |
Education outdoor * | Cross curriculum | Decision making |
Education outside the classroom | Educat * | Equity |
Environmental education | Embodied | Health |
Environmental learning | Environment * | Independence |
Experiential education | Environ * stewardship | Interpersonal |
Experiential learning | Experiential | Justice |
Forest school | Health literacy | Life skills |
Friluftsliv | Learning | Personal development |
Learning outdoor * | Mastery | Pro-social |
Learning outside the classroom | Physical literacy | Prosocial behave * |
Nature school | Proficiency | Resilien * |
Natural learning | Risk * | Psychosocial |
Natural connections | Socialization Socialisation | Psycho-social |
Place-based education | Sustainab * | Self confidence |
Place-based learning | Trust | Self esteem |
Teaching outdoor * | Soci *-emotional | |
Udeskole | Teamwork | |
Wellbeing |
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Mann, J.; Gray, T.; Truong, S.; Sahlberg, P.; Bentsen, P.; Passy, R.; Ho, S.; Ward, K.; Cowper, R. A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031199
Mann J, Gray T, Truong S, Sahlberg P, Bentsen P, Passy R, Ho S, Ward K, Cowper R. A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031199
Chicago/Turabian StyleMann, Jeff, Tonia Gray, Son Truong, Pasi Sahlberg, Peter Bentsen, Rowena Passy, Susanna Ho, Kumara Ward, and Rachel Cowper. 2021. "A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031199
APA StyleMann, J., Gray, T., Truong, S., Sahlberg, P., Bentsen, P., Passy, R., Ho, S., Ward, K., & Cowper, R. (2021). A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031199