Risk Assessment on Suicide Death and Attempt among Chinese Rural Youths Aged 15–34 Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample and the General Design
2.2. Interview Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Ethics Statement
2.5. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Samples
3.2. Suicide Risk Assessment Model
3.3. Validity of The Assessment Model among Training Samples
3.4. Performance of the Assessment Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Suicide Death (n = 540) | Suicide Attempt (n = 825) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | Case | Control | |||
n | 265 (49.1) | 275 (50.9) | 415 (50.3) | 410 (49.7) | ||
Gender | 0.93 | 0.01 | ||||
Male | 143 (54.0) | 137 (49.8) | 170 (41.0) | 169 (41.2) | ||
Female | 122 (46.0) | 138 (50.2) | 245 (59.0) | 241 (58.8) | ||
Age | 26.18 ± 6.17 | 25.09 ± 6.23 | 2.04 * | 26.48 ± 5.28 | 26.56 ± 5.28 | −0.24 |
Education years | 7.16 ± 2.64 | 8.67 ± 2.11 | −7.38 *** | 7.47 ± 2.86 | 9.18 ± 2.93 | −8.49 *** |
Marital status | 1.72 | 2.29 | ||||
Never married | 89 (33.6) | 78 (28.4) | 59 (14.2) | 44 (10.7) | ||
Ever married | 176 (66.4) | 197 (71.6) | 356 (85.8) | 366 (89.3) | ||
Economic status | 72.33 *** | 36.43 *** | ||||
Very poor | 131 (49.4) | 42 (15.3) | 113 (27.2) | 44 (10.7) | ||
Others | 134 (50.6) | 233 (84.7) | 302 (72.8) | 366 (89.3) | ||
Living alone | 2.98 | 0.70 | ||||
Yes | 21 (7.9) | 12 (4.4) | 13 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) | ||
No | 244 (92.1) | 263 (95.6) | 402 (96.9) | 401 (97.8) | ||
Occupation | 0.64 | 0.30 | ||||
Agricultural worker | 121 (45.7) | 135 (49.1) | 227 (54.7) | 232 (56.6) | ||
Others | 144 (54.3) | 140 (50.9) | 188 (45.3) | 178 (43.4) | ||
Religious belief | 13.50 *** | 4.25 * | ||||
Yes | 75 (28.3) | 42 (15.3) | 81 (19.5) | 58 (14.1) | ||
No | 190 (71.7) | 233 (84.7) | 334 (80.5) | 352 (85.9) | ||
Pesticide at home | 8.25 ** | 0.85 | ||||
Yes | 198 (74.7) | 174 (63.3) | 257 (61.9) | 241 (58.8) | ||
No | 67 (25.3) | 101 (36.7) | 158 (38.1) | 169 (41.2) | ||
Family suicide history | 45.43 *** | 19.31 *** | ||||
Yes | 60 (22.6) | 9 (3.3) | 35 (8.4) | 7 (1.7) | ||
No | 205 (77.4) | 266 (96.7) | 380 (91.6) | 403 (98.3) | ||
Negative life events | 3.48 ± 2.33 | 1.44 ± 1.57 | 11.97 *** | 1.84 ± 0.66 | 0.66 ± 1.10 | 11.15 *** |
Hopelessness | 69.77 ± 13.79 | 47.85 ± 7.93 | 22.73 *** | 51.04 ± 15.73 | 36.94 ± 10.79 | 15.00 *** |
Social interaction | 6.14 ± 1.73 | 7.40 ± 1.69 | −8.56 *** | 7.75 ± 2.25 | 9.08 ± 1.85 | −9.20 *** |
Subjected support | 14.48 ± 3.40 | 18.43 ± 2.40 | −15.65 *** | 19.33 ± 33.33 | 20.10 ± 1.51 | −0.47 * |
Instrumental support | 9.11±2.86 | 10.64±1.86 | −7.37 *** | 10.87±2.13 | 11.46±1.34 | −4.81 *** |
Impulsivity | 14.53±5.24 | 12.21±3.76 | 5.91 *** | 10.30±4.14 | 9.12±3.01 | 4.70 *** |
Mental disorder | 122.35 *** | 56.81 *** | ||||
Yes | 120 (45.3) | 12 (4.4) | 83 (20.0) | 13 (3.2) | ||
No | 145 (54.7) | 263 (95.6) | 332 (80.0) | 397 (96.8) |
Suicide Death (n = 540) | Suicide Attempt (n = 825) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | OR | 95% CI | β | OR | 95% CI | ||
Education years | −0.243 | 0.784 *** | 0.685, 0.898 | −0.209 | 0.811 *** | 0.757, 0.869 | |
Very poor | - | - | - | 0.663 | 1.941 ** | 1.198, 3.144 | |
Agricultural worker | 0.772 | 2.163 * | 1.175, 3.984 | 0.614 | 1.847 *** | 1.271, 2.685 | |
Family suicide history | 1.919 | 6.817 *** | 2.338, 19.875 | 1.431 | 4.182 ** | 1.463, 11.951 | |
Negative life events | 0.258 | 1.294 ** | 1.097, 1.525 | 0.484 | 1.622 *** | 1.393, 1.888 | |
Hopelessness | 0.152 | 1.164 *** | 1.127, 1.201 | 0.061 | 1.063 *** | 1.046, 1.080 | |
Social interaction | - | - | - | −0.157 | 0.855 *** | 0.782, 0.934 | |
Impulsivity | 0.140 | 1.151 *** | 1.078, 1.228 | 0.065 | 1.067 ** | 1.016, 1.121 | |
Mental disorder | 2.042 | 7.705 *** | 3.081, 19.266 | 0.844 | 2.325 * | 1.089, 4.963 | |
Constant | −10.062 | 0.000 *** | - | −1.283 | 0.277 | 0.757, 0.869 | |
R2 | 0.751 | 0.481 |
Suicide Death (n = 245) | Suicide Attempt (n = 185) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | Case | Control | |||
n | 108 (44.1) | 137 (55.9) | 92 (49.7) | 93 (50.3) | ||
Gender | 1.16 | 0.01 | ||||
Male | 57 (52.8) | 63 (46.0) | 35 (38.0) | 36 (38.7) | ||
Female | 51 (47.2) | 74 (54.0) | 57 (62.0) | 57 (61.3) | ||
Age | 26.91 ± 5.96 | 26.60 ± 5.67 | 0.41 | 27.84 ± 5.33 | 27.72 ± 5.10 | 0.15 |
Education years | 8.09 ± 3.05 | 10.12 ± 2.64 | −5.56 *** | 9.35 ± 2.58 | 12.40 ± 3.71 | −6.49 *** |
Marital status | 1.00 | 2.42 | ||||
Never married | 33 (30.6) | 34 (24.8) | 16 (17.4) | 25 (26.9) | ||
Ever married | 75 (69.4) | 103 (75.2) | 76 (82.6) | 68 (73.1) | ||
Economic status | 48.08 *** | 6.64 ** | ||||
Very poor | 53 (49.1) | 13 (9.5) | 16 (17.4) | 5 (5.4) | ||
Others | 55 (50.9) | 124 (90.5) | 76 (82.6) | 88 (94.6) | ||
Living alone | 6.24 * | 2.55 | ||||
Yes | 13 (12.0) | 5 (3.6) | 7 (7.6) | 14 (15.1) | ||
No | 95 (88.0) | 132 (96.4) | 85 (92.4) | 79 (84.9) | ||
Occupation | 6.91 ** | 13.66 *** | ||||
Agricultural worker | 66 (61.1) | 105 (76.6) | 60 (65.2) | 82 (88.2) | ||
Others | 42 (38.9) | 32 (23.4) | 32 (34.8) | 11 (11.8) | ||
Religious belief | 2.82 | 0.05 | ||||
Yes | 33 (30.6) | 29 (21.2) | 22 (23.9) | 21 (22.6) | ||
No | 75 (69.4) | 108 (78.8) | 70 (76.1) | 72 (77.4) | ||
Pesticide at home | 8.20 ** | 8.75 ** | ||||
Yes | 86 (79.6) | 86 (62.8) | 36 (39.1) | 18 (19.4) | ||
No | 22 (20.4) | 51 (37.2) | 56 (60.9) | 75 (80.6) | ||
Family Suicide history | 16.56 *** | 4.77 * | ||||
Yes | 23 (21.3) | 6 (4.4) | 7 (7.6) | 1 (1.1) | ||
No | 85 (78.7) | 131 (95.6) | 85 (92.4) | 92 (98.9) | ||
Negative life events | 2.99 ± 2.31 | 0.45 ± 0.95 | 11.65 *** | 2.07 ± 2.18 | 0.24 ± 0.48 | 7.91 *** |
Hopelessness | 67.62 ± 12.49 | 44.97 ± 7.91 | 17.29 *** | 60.39 ± 8.81 | 44.29 ± 7.17 | 13.64 *** |
Social interaction | 6.63 ± 2.19 | 8.09 ± 2.09 | −5.31 *** | 7.57 ± 1.80 | 9.34 ± 1.60 | −7.10 *** |
Subjected support | 18.85 ± 2.54 | 33.02 ± 112.12 | −1.48 | 25.52 ± 70.02 | 36.53 ± 121.22 | −0.76 |
Instrumental support | 9.85 ± 3.23 | 11.47 ± 1.78 | −4.97 *** | 9.07 ± 3.81 | 11.45 ± 1.22 | −5.74 *** |
Impulsivity | 12.62 ± 6.38 | 9.69 ± 4.07 | 4.37 *** | 11.16 ± 4.87 | 9.70 ± 4.65 | 2.09 * |
Mental disorder | 80.29 *** | 10.686 *** | ||||
Yes | 57 (52.8) | 4 (2.9) | 10 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
No | 51 (47.2) | 133 (97.1) | 82 (89.1) | 93 (100.0) |
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Sun, L.; Zhang, J.; Lamis, D.A.; Wang, Y. Risk Assessment on Suicide Death and Attempt among Chinese Rural Youths Aged 15–34 Years. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413362
Sun L, Zhang J, Lamis DA, Wang Y. Risk Assessment on Suicide Death and Attempt among Chinese Rural Youths Aged 15–34 Years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413362
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Long, Jie Zhang, Dorian A. Lamis, and Yifan Wang. 2021. "Risk Assessment on Suicide Death and Attempt among Chinese Rural Youths Aged 15–34 Years" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413362