Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Analyses of Results
3. Results
3.1. Studies Assessing CVD Risks in the General Young Adult Population
3.1.1. Study Designs and Populations
3.1.2. CVD Outcomes
3.1.3. Risk Assessment Tools/Models/Measures
3.1.4. Sample Size
3.2. Studies Assessing CVD Risks in the Underserved Young Adult Populations
3.2.1. Study Designs and Populations
3.2.2. CVD Outcomes
3.2.3. Risk Assessment Tools/Models/Measures
3.2.4. Sample Size
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cardiovascular Disease | Risk Assessment | Tool | Young Adult | Vulnerable Populations | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MeSH terms/subheadings | Cardiovascular Diseases | Risk Assessment | Surveys and questionnaires, patient-reported outcome measures, healthcare surveys | Young Adult | Vulnerable populations, medically underserved area |
Text words | cardiovascular AND diseases, “cardiovascular diseases”, cardiovascular AND disease OR “cardiovascular disease” heart diseases, heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, heart attack, cardiovascular stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral stroke, stroke, brain ischemia | Risk Assessments, Health Risk Assessment, Health Risk Assessments, Risk Factors, Risk Prediction, Risk Models, Risk Prediction Models | Tools, instrumentation, instruments, community surveys, surveys, questionnaires, “surveys and questionnaires,” measures, outcomes assessment, outcome measures | young adult, young adults | Disadvantaged, Underserved Patients, Underserved Populations, Sensitive Population Groups, Sensitive Populations, Medically Underserved Population, vulnerable, limited [All Fields] AND health resources [mh] |
Component | Included | Excluded |
---|---|---|
Participants |
|
|
Intervention | Studies designed to increase CVD risk awareness or prevent CVD by altering one or more SNAP risk factors or at least one CVD outcome. | |
Comparators | Any comparators/controls | |
Outcome | The main outcome was objective and/or self-reported measure(s) for the non-clinical assessment of modifiable CVD risk factors by evaluating the SNAP risk factors. Studies that:
| Articles without full text. |
Study design | Observational, experimental, and trial studies. | Review/meta-analyses |
No. | Author(s); Year of Publication | Study Population | Country | Sample Size | Age (Years) | Gender | Modifiable CVD Risk Factors Assessed (Smoking, Nutrition/Diet, Alcohol Use, or Physical Activity) | Risk Assessment Measure/Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Williamson W et al., 2018 [27] | Young adults without clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease | U.K | 125 | 18–40 | 49% female | Smoking, alcohol use, physical activity | Detailed questionnaire on medical history, socioeconomic status, and self-reported behaviors such as nutritional intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption. |
2 | Tran D-T et al., 2016 [28] | College students at a Midwestern institution | U.S.A. | 100 | 19–39 | Male & female * | None | Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire; The Health Beliefs Related to Cardiovascular Disease |
3 | Thorpe RJ et al., 2016 [29] | Participants from 2000–2009 National Health Interview Surveys | U.S.A. | 619,130 | 18–75+ | 52.1% female | Physical activity | Health survey |
4 | Lai HL et al., 2015 [30] | East Carolina University undergraduates | U.S.A | 525 | 16–23 | 60.7% female | Smoking, physical activity | Health survey (internally validated) |
5 | Mark AE et al., 2014 [31] | Individuals at risk for coronary heart disease | U.S.A. | 388 | 22–78 | 60.6% female | Nutrition/diet | Questionnaire (the Healthy Eating Opinion Survey) |
6 | Bloomfield GS et al., 2013 [21] | Adults [Health and Demographic Surveillance System] | Kenya | 4037 | 18–>64 | 61% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, alcohol use, physical activity | Home-based survey using the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (WHO STEPS) |
7 | Schmitz R et al., 2012 [32] | Non-institutionalized adult population (National health interview [GEDA 2009] respondents. | Germany | 21,262 | 18–≥65 | 51.5% female | Nutrition/diet, physical activity | Self-reported physician-diagnosed disease |
8 | Koura MR et al., 2012 [33] | Young adult females | Saudi Arabia | 370 | Mean = 19.9 ± 1.4 | 100% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, physical activity | WHO-STEPS |
9 | Baragou S et al., 2012 [23] | The general adult population | Togo | 2000 | 18–98 | 55.1% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, alcohol use, physical activity | WHO STEPS |
10 | Foulds HJA et al., 2012 [34] | Aboriginal adult population (participants from the Hearts in Training and Health Beat physical activity training programs) | Canada | 882 | 16–77 | 75.2% female | Smoking, physical activity | Multiple-choice questions |
11 | Chan CW et al., 2012 [35] | Hong Kong Chinese population | Hong Kong | 236 | 18–91 | 66.5% female | None | Survey |
12 | Maniadakis N et al., 2011 [36] | General adult population | Greece | 3007 | 18–>65 | 51.7% female | None | Survey |
13 | Al Hamarneh YN et al., 2011 [25] | General adult population | Northern Ireland | 1000 | 20–79 | 46% females | Smoking, nutrition/diet, alcohol use, physical activity | Questionnaire |
14 | Kuklina EV et al., 2010 [37] | Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | U.S.A. | 2587 | 20–35 (male); 20–45 (female) | 61.2% female | Smoking | Survey |
15 | Wamala JF et al., 2009 [38] | Adult population | Uganda | 842 | 20–>75 | 48% female | Smoking, alcohol use, physical activity | Questionnaire |
16 | Bjartveit K et al., 2009 [39] | Individuals surveyed for CVD risk factors | Norway | 48,682 | 20–49 | 51.6% female | Smoking, physical activity | Questionnaire |
17 | Tucker AM et al., 2009 [40] | Veteran football players | U.S.A. | 504 | 23–35 | 100% male | Smoking | Survey instrument |
18 | Sanderson SC et al., 2009 [26] | Respondents from the Office of National Statistics Omnibus Survey | U.K. | 1747 | 16–75 | 47% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, alcohol use, physical activity | Questionnaire |
19 | Jamil H et al., 2009 [41] | Respondents from the Health Assessment Survey | U.S.A. | 3280 | 18–75 | 71.9% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, physical activity | Health survey |
20 | Ammouri AA et al., 2008 [42] | General population | Jordan | 295 | 15–75 | 51% female | None | Questionnaire (The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale) |
No. | Author(s); Year of Publication | Study Population | Country | Sample Size | Age (Years) | Gender | Modifiable CVD Risk Factors Assessed (Smoking, Nutrition/Diet, Alcohol Use, or Physical Activity) | Risk Assessment Measure/Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Doom JR et al., 2017 [46] | Add Health study participants | U.S.A. | 14,493 | 24–34 | 48.9% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, alcohol use, physical activity | 30 year Framingham CVD Risk Score |
2 | Abshire DA et al., 2016 [47] | Undergraduate Caucasian males recruited from a public, 4 year university through purposive and snowball sampling; free of CVD and not enrolled in a health-related major. | U.S.A. | 10 | 18–25 | 100% male | None | Interview guide |
3 | Wickrama KAS et al., 2016 [48] | Add Health study participants | U.S.A. | 8824 | 24–32 | Male & female * | None | None; biomarkers assessed |
4 | Khan RJ et al., 2015 [49] | 1997–2004 data from National Health Interview Survey | U.S.A. | 121,284 | 18–44 | 54.5% female | Smoking, physical activity | None |
5 | Jamil H et al., 2009 [41] | Respondents from the Health Assessment Survey | U.S.A. | 3280 | 18–75 | 71.9% female | Smoking, nutrition/diet, physical activity | Health survey |
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Opoku-Acheampong, A.A.; Rosenkranz, R.R.; Adhikari, K.; Muturi, N.; Logan, C.; Kidd, T. Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413305
Opoku-Acheampong AA, Rosenkranz RR, Adhikari K, Muturi N, Logan C, Kidd T. Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413305
Chicago/Turabian StyleOpoku-Acheampong, Audrey A., Richard R. Rosenkranz, Koushik Adhikari, Nancy Muturi, Cindy Logan, and Tandalayo Kidd. 2021. "Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413305
APA StyleOpoku-Acheampong, A. A., Rosenkranz, R. R., Adhikari, K., Muturi, N., Logan, C., & Kidd, T. (2021). Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413305