The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Method and Plan
2.2. Research Instruments
- A research record of the oral health (oral hygiene) condition in respondents, adjusted to the WHO (World Health Organization) parameters [15]. For evaluation of selected oral health parameters, the DMF index was used to evaluate the total sum of decayed, extracted (missing), and filled teeth. For estimation of the condition of oral hygiene, the Greene–Vermillion index and Silness–Löe plaque index were used. For estimation of gingival condition, the Silness–Löe gingival index was used. For estimation of the supportive dental tissue, the CPITN (community periodontal index of treatment needs) was used.
- Health education intervention to improve habits in the implementation of oral hygiene [16,17]. The interventional oral health education program for the purposes of this research was defined in three stages through three complementary fields: the importance of oral health, oral hygiene, and health-safe habits. It included the method (group health education work and communication methods—live demonstrations, creative workshops), means of research (visual, audio-visual, and demonstration models), content (characteristics of good oral health, the importance of oral health for health overall, preventability of oral diseases, control and preventive examinations at the dentist, definition and explanation of terms such as dental plaque, decay, gingivitis, concretions, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, oral hygiene accessories, toothbrush technique, and individual goals in achieving good oral health), and practical work (training in proper oral hygiene, training in use of oral hygiene aids—dental floss, dental floss holder, proximal brush, mouthwash, oral and dental hygiene control—dental biofilm staining method, toothpaste selection criteria for daily use—and the interpretation of fluoride composition declaration in toothpaste).
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistical Parameters | Before the Health Education Intervention | After the Health Education Intervention | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Total Number | Year of Studying | Total Number | |||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
N | 65 | 54 | 119 | 65 | 54 | 119 |
Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maximum | 15 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 16 |
Mean | 7.569 | 7.111 | 7.361 | 7.277 | 7.111 | 7.202 |
S.E. Mean | 0.583 | 0.561 | 0.407 | 0.580 | 0.561 | 0.405 |
Std. Deviation | 4.704 | 4.119 | 4.435 | 4.679 | 4.119 | 4.416 |
Significance of differences in average values | ||||||
t-test (independent samples) | p = 0.559 | p = 0.203 |
Statistical Parameters | Before the Health Education Intervention | After the Health Education Intervention | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Total Number | Year of Studying | Total Number | |||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
N | 65 | 54 | 119 | 65 | 54 | 119 |
Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maximum | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Mean | 0.692 | 0.444 | 0.580 | 0.569 | 0.241 | 0.420 |
S.E. Mean | 0.122 | 0.114 | 0.085 | 0.116 | 0.083 | 0.075 |
Std. Deviation | 0.983 | 0.839 | 0.925 | 0.935 | 0.612 | 0.818 |
Significance of differences in average values | ||||||
t-test (independent samples) | p = 1.484 | p = 2.216 |
Statistical Parameters | Before the Health Education Intervention | After the Health Education Intervention | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Total Number | Year of Studying | Total Number | |||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
N | 65 | 54 | 119 | 65 | 54 | 119 |
Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maximum | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
Mean | 0.696 | 0.685 | 0.840 | 0.696 | 0.685 | 0.840 |
S.E. Mean | 0.183 | 0.199 | 0.135 | 0.183 | 0.199 | 0.135 |
Std. Deviation | 1.479 | 1.464 | 1.473 | 1.479 | 1.464 | 1.473 |
Significance of differences in average values | ||||||
t-test (independent samples) | p = 1.048 | p = 1.048 |
Statistical Parameters | Before the Health Education Intervention | After the Health Education Intervention | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Total Number | Year of Studying | Total Number | |||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
N | 65 | 54 | 119 | 65 | 54 | 119 |
Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maximum | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
Mean | 5.908 | 5.981 | 5.941 | 5.908 | 6.185 | 6.034 |
S.E. Mean | 0.472 | 0.476 | 0.335 | 0.481 | 0.482 | 0.341 |
Std. Deviation | 3.803 | 3.499 | 3.653 | 3.880 | 3.545 | 3.719 |
Significance of differences in average values | ||||||
t-test (independent samples) | p = 0.109 | p = 0.404 |
Before | After | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Year of Studying | |||||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
Greene–Vermillion index of soft deposits | No Soft Deposits | Number | 23 | 24 | 56 | 40 |
% | 35.4% | 44.4% | 86.1% | 74.0% | ||
Soft Deposits Present | Number | 42 | 30 | 9 | 14 | |
% | 64.6% | 55.6% | 13.9% | 26.0% | ||
Total | Number | 65 | 54 | 65 | 54 | |
% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
χ2= 1.133 p > 0.05 | χ2 = 10.846 p < 0.001 * | |||||
Greene–Vermillion index of solid deposits | No Tartar | Number | 19 | 11 | 48 | 36 |
% | 29.2% | 20.4% | 73.8% | 66.7% | ||
Tartar Present | Number | 46 | 43 | 17 | 18 | |
% | 70.8% | 79.6% | 26.2% | 33.3% | ||
Total | Number | 65 | 54 | 65 | 54 | |
% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
χ2 = 1.285 p > 0.05 | χ2 = 12.829 p < 0.001 * |
Before | After | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Year of Studying | |||||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
Silness–Löe plaque index | No Dental Plaque | number | 23 | 25 | 36 | 30 |
% | 35.4% | 46.3% | 55.4% | 55.5% | ||
Dental Plaque Present | Number | 42 | 29 | 29 | 24 | |
% | 64.6% | 53.7% | 44.6% | 44.5% | ||
Total | Number | 64 | 54 | 64 | 54 | |
% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
χ2 = 1.136 p > 0.05 | χ2 = 0.011 p > 0.05 |
Before | After | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Year of Studying | |||||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
Silness–Löe gingival index | Healthy Gingiva | Number | 28 | 19 | 33 | 44 |
% | 43.1% | 35.2% | 50.8% | 83.0% | ||
Gingiva that Requires Treatment | Number | 37 | 35 | 32 | 9 | |
% | 51.4% | 48.6% | 49.2% | 17.0% | ||
Total | Number | 65 | 54 | 65 | 53* | |
% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
χ2= 0.075 p > 0.05 | χ2 = 9.135 p < 0.001 * |
Before | After | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Studying | Year of Studying | |||||
First | Fourth | First | Fourth | |||
CPITN index | Healthy periodontium | Number | 28 | 29 | 40 | 29 |
% | 43.1% | 50.9% | 61.5% | 53.7% | ||
Periodontium that requires treatment | Number | 37 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
% | 56.9% | 46.3% | 38.5% | 46.3% | ||
Total | Number | 65 | 54 | 65 | 54 | |
% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
χ2= 0.085 p > 0.05 | χ2 =10.599 p < 0.001 * |
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Kalevski, K.; Vojinovic, J.; Gajic, M.; Aleksic, E.; Tambur, Z.; Milutinovic, J.; Borotic, N.; Mladenovic, R. The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413242
Kalevski K, Vojinovic J, Gajic M, Aleksic E, Tambur Z, Milutinovic J, Borotic N, Mladenovic R. The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413242
Chicago/Turabian StyleKalevski, Katarina, Jovan Vojinovic, Milica Gajic, Ema Aleksic, Zoran Tambur, Jovana Milutinovic, Nenad Borotic, and Rasa Mladenovic. 2021. "The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413242
APA StyleKalevski, K., Vojinovic, J., Gajic, M., Aleksic, E., Tambur, Z., Milutinovic, J., Borotic, N., & Mladenovic, R. (2021). The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413242