The Mental Health and Syndemic Effect on Suicidal Ideation among Migrant Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Sample Size
2.2. Study Procedure
2.3. Ethical Approval
2.4. Measure
2.4.1. Sociodemographic Variables
2.4.2. Psychosocial Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Psychosocial Variables
3.3. The Association between Psychosocial Variables and Suicidal Ideation
3.4. The Association between the Number of Syndemic Conditions and Suicidal Ideation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Characteristics | Number (%) | Had Suicidal Ideation | |
---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | ORu (95% CI) | ||
Age group (years) | |||
<30 | 704 (39.0%) | 73 (54.1%) | 4.694 (2.134–10.322) ** |
30–40 | 810 (44.9%) | 55 (40.7%) | 2.956 (1.330–6.566) ** |
>40 | 291 (16.1%) | 7 (5.2%) | Reference |
Gender | |||
Male | 1214 (67.3%) | 91 (67.4%) | Reference |
Female | 591 (32.7%) | 44 (32.6%) | 0.993 (0.683–1.443) |
Education level | |||
below high school | 1059 (58.7%) | 67 (49.6%) | Reference |
High school | 585 (32.4%) | 52 (38.5%) | 1.444 (0.991–2.106) |
College degree or above | 113 (6.3%) | 14 (10.4%) | 2.094 (1.136–3.861) * |
Unknown | 48 (2.7%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.644 (0.153–2.709) |
Monthly income (RMB) | |||
<3000 | 166 (9.2%) | 9 (6.7%) | Reference |
3000–4999 | 1099 (60.9%) | 79 (58.5%) | 1.351 (0.664–2.747) |
>4999 | 484 (26.8%) | 44 (32.6%) | 1.744 (0.832–3.656) |
Unknown | 56 (3.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 0.987 (0.258–3.783) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 967 (53.6%) | 43 (31.9%) | Reference |
Unmarried | 719 (39.8%) | 86 (63.7%) | 2.919 (1.997–4.268) ** |
Divorced/ Widowed | 47 (2.6%) | 3 (2.2%) | 1.465 (0.437–4.908) |
Unknown | 72 (4.0%) | 3 (2.2%) | 0.934 (0.283–3.089) |
Number of children | |||
0 | 808 (44.8%) | 90 (66.7%) | Reference |
1–2 | 885 (49.0%) | 44 (32.6%) | 0.417 (0.287–0.607) ** |
3–5 | 112 (6.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0.072 (0.010–0.521) ** |
Work time outside hometown (years) | |||
<10 | 1001 (55.5%) | 86 (63.7%) | Reference |
10–20 | 674 (37.3%) | 45 (33.3%) | 0.761 (0.523–1.107) |
>20 | 130 (7.2%) | 4 (3.0%) | 0.338 (0.122- 0.936) * |
Occupation | |||
Light industries | 1063 (58.9%) | 88 (65.2%) | Reference |
Heavy industries | 392 (21.7%) | 25 (18.5%) | 0.755 (0.476–1.196) |
Other industries | 350 (19.4%) | 22 (16.3%) | 0.743 (0.458–1.205) |
Psychosocial Variables | Number (%) | Had Suicidal Ideation Number (%) |
---|---|---|
Suicidal Ideation | ||
Yes | 135 (7.5%) | / |
No | 1670 (92.5%) | / |
Depression | ||
High level (score ≥ 10) | 487 (27.0%) | 76 (56.3%) |
Low level (score < 10) | 1318 (73.0%) | 59 (43.7%) |
Anxiety | ||
High level (score ≥ 10) | 171 (9.5%) | 39 (28.9%) |
Low level (score < 10) | 1634 (90.5%) | 96 (71.1%) |
Occupational stress | ||
High level (score ≥ P75, 48) | 479 (26.5%) | 55 (40.7%) |
Low level (score < P75, 48) | 1326 (73.5%) | 80 (59.3%) |
Entrapment | ||
High level (score ≥ P75, 15) | 472 (26.1%) | 87 (64.4%) |
Low level (score < P75, 15) | 1333 (73.9%) | 48 (35.6%) |
Defeat | ||
High level (score ≥ P75, 24) | 466 (25.8%) | 85 (63.0%) |
Low level (score < P75, 24) | 1339 (74.2%) | 50 (37.0%) |
Interpersonal Needs | ||
High level (score ≥ P75, 51) | 646 (35.8%) | 74 (54.8%) |
Low level (score < P75, 51) | 1159 (64.2%) | 61 (45.2%) |
Psychosocial Variables | ORu (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ORm (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Depression | |||
High level | 3.946 (2.759–5.644) ** | 3.691 (2.564–5.313) ** | |
Low level | Reference | Reference | |
Anxiety | |||
High level | 4.733 (3.134–7.150) ** | 4.600 (3.005–7.042) ** | 1.783 (1.089–2.920) * |
Low level | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Occupational Stress | |||
High level | 2.020 (1.409–2.897) ** | 1.773 (1.222–2.571) ** | |
Low level | Reference | Reference | |
Entrapment | |||
High level | 6.050 (4.177–8.761) ** | 5.396 (3.696–7.876) ** | 2.064 (1.257–3.388) ** |
Low level | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Defeat | |||
High level | 5.751 (3.983–8.306) ** | 5.510 (3.788–8.014) ** | 2.572 (1.612–4.103) ** |
Low level | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Interpersonal Needs | |||
High level | 2.329 (1.635–3.317) ** | 2.332 (1.622–3.352) ** | |
Low level | Reference | Reference |
Number (%) | Had Suicidal Ideation | ||
---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
Have a Syndemic | |||
No (have no more than one psychosocial problem) | 1104 (61.2%) | 30 (22.2%) | Reference |
Yes (have two or more psychosocial problems) | 701 (38.8%) | 105 (77.8%) | 5.762 (3.773–8.802) ** |
Number of Syndemic Conditions | |||
No (have no more than one psychosocial problem) | 1104 (61.2%) | 30 (22.2%) | Reference |
Low level (have two to three psychosocial problems) | 451 (25.0%) | 39 (28.9%) | 3.149 (1.912–5.163) ** |
High level (have four or more psychosocial problems) | 250 (13.8%) | 66 (48.9%) | 11.721 (7.322–18.761) ** |
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Zhang, K.; Xu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, R.; Yu, X.; Hu, T.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Z.; Cao, B.; Chen, H.; et al. The Mental Health and Syndemic Effect on Suicidal Ideation among Migrant Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111363
Zhang K, Xu C, Zhang Y, Wang R, Yu X, Hu T, Chen Y, Wang Z, Cao B, Chen H, et al. The Mental Health and Syndemic Effect on Suicidal Ideation among Migrant Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111363
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Kechun, Chen Xu, Yinghuan Zhang, Rongxi Wang, Xiaoyue Yu, Tian Hu, Yaqi Chen, Zixin Wang, Bolin Cao, Hui Chen, and et al. 2021. "The Mental Health and Syndemic Effect on Suicidal Ideation among Migrant Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111363