Study on Passive Heating Involving Firewalls with an Additional Sunlight Room in Rural Residential Buildings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
1.2. Literature Studies
1.3. Scientific Originalities
1.4. Aim of the Study
- By comparing the heating conditions of traditional residential buildings with or without the new passive system, the heat load reduction when adopting the new system in winter was estimated.
- In the absence of solar radiation, the heating effects of the ordinary heating system and the new passive system were analyzed. The purpose was to calculate the heating rate, the time required, and the decrease in the annual heat load of the building.
- Considering the presence or absence of solar radiation, the new system was compared to the ordinary heating of residential buildings to simulate and calculate the change in indoor temperature, heating efficiency, heating time, and the value of the annual building heat load.
- Through software simulation computation, the appropriate use time of the whole year after adopting the new system was estimated.
- According to the standard minimum value of indoor thermal comfort temperature, under basic heating, the total time to meet the minimum value of the comfort standard throughout the year was calculated. Compared to the use of the new system with or without solar radiation, the total time to meet the lowest value of the comfort standard throughout the year was estimated.
2. Methodology
2.1. Basic Research
2.1.1. Overview of the Current Situation
2.1.2. Research Method
2.1.3. Research Content
2.2. Cooking Heating and Additional Sunlight Room
2.2.1. Design of Cooking Heating and Additional Sunlight Room
2.2.2. Working Principle of Cooking-Based Heating and an Additional Sunlight Room
2.2.3. Ordinary Heating
2.2.4. Heating between the Firewall and the Additional Sunlight Room
2.3. Simulation Steps
2.3.1. Establishing Grids
2.3.2. Interface Conditions
2.3.3. Boundary Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison of Ordinary Heating with or without WSR
3.1.1. Ordinary Heating with WSR
3.1.2. Ordinary Heating without WSR
3.1.3. Comprehensive Analysis
3.2. Comparison of the New System with or without WSR
3.2.1. New System with WSR
3.2.2. New System without WSR
3.2.3. Comprehensive Analysis
3.3. Heat Load Reduced by the Firewall–Sunlight System
3.4. Suitable Year-Round Time for the Use of the Firewall–Sunlight System
3.5. Adopting the Standard Time of Thermal Comfort of the Firewall–Sunlight System
3.6. Optimization of the New System Heating
3.6.1. Window-to-Wall Ratio
3.6.2. Wall Materials
4. Conclusions and Future Prospects
4.1. Conclusions
- Its working principle is not only to use the heat generated by cooking to heat the wall to raise the indoor temperature, but also to increase the heating effect by adding the characteristics of heat transfer between the sun room and the wall through solar radiation heating. The software simulation proved that the new system is effective for increasing the indoor temperature, and the temperature was increased by 4.16 °C.
- In the presence of solar radiation, the equilibrium temperature in the basic heating room was 6.5 °C, and the heating efficiency was 0.23 °C/h. After adopting the new system, the room temperature after equilibrium was 9.16 °C, and the heating efficiency was 4.09 °C/h.
- In the absence of WSR, the equilibrium temperature in the basic heating room was 5.5 °C, and the heating efficiency was 0.06 °C/h. After adopting the new system, the temperature in the room after equilibrium was 5.43 °C, and the heating efficiency was 2.87 °C/h. Therefore, when there was no WSR, the heating effect of the new system was obvious compared to the basic heating system.
- When the firewall and additional sunlight system were used, the thermal load of the building decreased by 1436.731 kW h during the whole year (with WSR). The thermal load of the building decreased by 735.919 kW· h throughout the year (without WSR). Taking 18 °C as the standard value of the building’s winter thermal comfort, the annual time below 18 °C was 3733 h (the wall has solar radiation) and 4006 h (the wall has no solar radiation).
4.2. Future Prospects
- According to actual investigations, the wall materials of the residential buildings in southern Shaanxi mainly involve clay porous brick masonry. Therefore, in the simulation analysis, the wall material of the model was set as clay porous brick masonry. As the maintenance structure of the building, walls are important for the insulation of the building. In future studies, the selection of wall materials can be an important research direction. Concrete, bamboo charcoal, or new types of materials can be used to find wall materials suitable for local conditions.
- The research aim of this paper was to put forward a firewall system with an additional sunlight room, focusing on the analysis of the impact of this system on improving the indoor temperature. It was verified that this system is effective for indoor heating in residential buildings. The ratio of walls to other elements is also an important factor affecting the heating of the system. In future research, this viewpoint can be used as the main research direction. First, the main elements affecting the indoor temperature can be determined based on the local geographical environment and climatic conditions to further determine the proportion of walls and major elements, so as to optimize the system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dwellings | Data Statistics |
---|---|
Research location | Hongcun, Houliu town, Shiquan county, Ankang city, and Shaanxi province |
Climatic conditions | Hot summer and cold winter |
Time and behavior | 09:00–9:00 a.m. at home, 9:00–11:00 a.m. not at home, 11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m. at home, 3:00–6:00 p.m. at home, 6:00 p.m.–12:00 a.m. at home |
Number of occupants | 1–2 |
Room information | Number: 4; sizes: Meeting room 6 m × 6 m, kitchen 4.2 m × 6 m, and bedroom 4.2 m × 6 m; height: 4.8 m |
Roof | 5 mm tile + 4 mm waterproof coiled material + 20 mm cement mortar + 4 mm lime cement mortar |
Wall | 4 mm lime cement mortar + 240 mm clay porous brick masonry + 3 mm cement mortar + 4 mm lime cement mortar |
Window | Thickness: 6 mm; length: 1200 mm; width: 1300 mm; glass and heat transfer coefficient: 4.7 W/(m2·K); number: 3 |
Earthen stove | Length: 1800 mm; width: 900 mm; height: 800 mm |
Door | 45 mm wood; size: 900 mm × 2100 mm; number: 4 |
Floor | 120 mm lime cement mortar |
Stoves | Length: 1800 mm; width: 900 mm; height: 800 mm |
Material Name | Thermal Storage Coefficient W/(m2·K) | Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) | Density (kg/m3) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tile | 6.23 | 1406 | 1800 | 0.43 |
Waterproof coiled materials | 3.302 | 1470 | 600 | 0.17 |
Cement mortar | 11.37 | 1050 | 1800 | 0.93 |
Lime cement mortar | 10.75 | 1050 | 1700 | 0.87 |
Clay porous brick masonry | 6.602 | 1356 | 850 | 0.52 |
Wood | 3.575 | 2510 | 500 | 0.14 |
Air | - | - | 1.27 | - |
Aluminum | 191.495 | 920 | 2700 | 203 |
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Yang, S.; Dewancker, B.; Chen, S. Study on Passive Heating Involving Firewalls with an Additional Sunlight Room in Rural Residential Buildings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111147
Yang S, Dewancker B, Chen S. Study on Passive Heating Involving Firewalls with an Additional Sunlight Room in Rural Residential Buildings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111147
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Simin, Bart Dewancker, and Shuo Chen. 2021. "Study on Passive Heating Involving Firewalls with an Additional Sunlight Room in Rural Residential Buildings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111147