Influence of Experiencing Bullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Korean Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measure
2.2.1. Experience of Bullying Victimization
2.2.2. Suicidality: Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Attempts
2.2.3. Depression
2.2.4. Anxiety
2.2.5. Relationships with Family and Teachers and Friends, and Subjective Social Support
2.2.6. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Experience of Bullying Victimization and Suicidality
3.2. Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation, Plans, and Attempt
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Category (Range) | Experience of Bullying Victimization | Χ2 or t (p) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | No | Yes | |||
n or M ± SD | n (%) or M ± SD | n (%) or M ± SD | |||
Total | 5000 (100.0) | 1682 (33.6) | 3318 (66.4) | ||
Gender | Male | 2611 (52.2) | 671 (39.9) | 1940 (60.1) | 154.37 (<0.001) |
Female | 2389 (47.8) | 1011 (42.3) | 1378 (57.7) | ||
Age (years) | 14 | 741 (14.8) | 180 (24.3) | 561 (75.7) | 46.99 (<0.001) |
15 | 1192 (23.8) | 372 (31.2) | 820 (68.8) | ||
16 | 818 (16.4) | 293 (35.8) | 385 (64.2) | ||
17 | 1045 (20.9) | 384 (36.7) | 661 (63.3) | ||
18 | 1204 (24.1) | 453 (37.6) | 751 (62.4) | ||
Subjective family class | Low (1–2) | 1330 (26.6) | 569 (42.8) | 761 (57.2) | 67.84 (<0.001) |
Not low (3–5) | 3670 (73.4) | 1113 (30.3) | 2557 (69.7) | ||
Living with Parent | Both | 4034 (80.7) | 1306 (32.4) | 2728 (67.6) | 99.43 (<0.001) |
Single or non | 966 (19.3) | 376 (38.9) | 590 (61.1) | ||
Depression | Normal (0–15) | 3940 (78.8) | 1131 (28.7) | 2809 (71.3) | 202.70 (<0.001) |
High (≥16) | 1060 (21.2) | 551 (52.0) | 509 (48.0) | ||
Anxiety | Normal (≤44) | 3042 (60.8) | 848 (27.9) | 2194 (72.1) | 208.13 (<0.001) |
High (45~80) | 1958 (39.2) | 834 (42.6) | 1124 (57.4) | ||
Subjective social support | Low (≤5) | 1070 (21.4) | 493 (46.1) | 577 (53.9) | 94.29 (<0.001) |
High (6~10) | 3930 (78.6) | 1189 (30.3) | 2741 (69.7) | ||
Family relationship | Bad | 550 (11.0) | 253 (46.0) | 297 (54.0) | 42.92 (<0.001) |
Good | 4450 (89.0) | 1429 (32.1) | 3011 (67.9) | ||
School relationship (teachers, friends) | Bad | 382 (7.6) | 234 (61.3) | 148 (38.7) | 141.30 (<0.001) |
Good | 4618 (92.4) | 1448 (31.4) | 3170 (68.6) | ||
Suicidality | No suicidal ideation | 3316 (66.3) | 886 (26.8) | 2430 (73.2) | 264.31 (<0.001) |
Suicidal ideation only | 1264 (25.3) | 537 (42.5) | 727 (57.5) | ||
Suicide plan | 219 (4.4) | 130 (59.4) | 89 (40.6) | ||
Suicide attempts | 201 (4.0) | 129 (64.2) | 72 (35.8) |
Variables (Reference) | Suicidal Ideation Only (vs. No Suicidal Ideation a) | |
---|---|---|
Model 1 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 2 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Male (female) | 1.89 ** (1.66~2.14) | 2.01 ** (1.76~2.30) |
Age | 0.94 (0.89~0.97) | 0.93 (0.89~0.98) |
Living with single or non-parent (living with parents) | 1.01 (0.84~1.22) | 1.00 (0.86~1.26) |
Low subjective family class (not low) | 1.79 ** (1.55~2.06) | 1.47 * (1.26~1.71) |
Bullying victimization (no experience) | 1.67 ** (1.45~1.91) | 1.58 ** (1.38~1.82) |
Depressive symptoms (no symptoms) | 3.35 ** (2.82~3.98) | 2.88 ** (2.41~3.44) |
Anxiety (no anxiety) | 1.98 ** (1.68~2.33) | 1.87 ** (1.59~2.21) |
Low subjective social support (not low) | 1.79 ** (1.52~2.10) | |
Bad family relationship (good) | 1.42 * (1.14~1.75) | |
Bad school relationship (good) | 1.20 (0.94~1.58) | |
Cox and Snell R2 | 0.16 | 0.18 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.23 | 0.24 |
Variables (Reference) | Suicide Plan (vs. Suicidal Ideation Only a) | |
---|---|---|
Model 1 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 2 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Male (female) | 1.06 (0.83~1.35) | 1.04 (0.82~1.33) |
Age | 1.12 * (1.03~1.22) | 1.11 * (1.03~1.23) |
Living with single or non-parent (living with parents) | 1.37 ** (1.04~1.79) | 1.33 ** (1.01~1.76) |
Low subjective family class (not low) | 1.04 (0.81~1.33) | 0.93 (0.72~1.20) |
Bullying victimization (no experience) | 1.90 ** (1.50~2.40) | 1.89 ** (1.49~2.41) |
Depressive symptoms (no symptoms) | 1.91 ** (1.47~2.50) | 1.77 ** (1.34~2.32) |
Anxiety (no anxiety) | 1.47 ** (1.12~1.91) | 1.42 ** (1.09~1.86) |
Low subjective social support (not low) | 1.26 (0.98~1.63) | |
Bad family relationship(good) | 1.96 ** (1.46~2.63) | |
Bad school relationship(good) | 0.75 (0.53~1.07) | |
Cox & Snell R2 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
Variables (Reference) | Suicide Attempt (vs. Suicide Plan a) | |
---|---|---|
Model 1 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 2 Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Male (female) | 1.01 (0.67~1.54) | 1.01 (0.67~1.54) |
Age | 0.88 (0.76~1.02) | 0.88 (0.76~1.02) |
Living with single or non-parent (living with parents) | 1.01 (0.70~1.72) | 1.11 (0.70~1.74) |
Low subjective family class (not low) | 1.41 (0.93~2.14) | 1.35 (0.85~2.26) |
Bullying victimization (no experience) | 0.83 (0.54~1.27) | 1.09 (0.74~2.86) |
Depressive symptoms (no symptoms) | 1.26 (0.78~2.03) | 1.39 (0.85~2.26) |
Anxiety (no anxiety) | 1.84 ** (1.15~2.97) | 1.77 ** (1.10~2.87) |
Low subjective social support (not low) | 1.39 (0.91~2.12) | |
Bad family relationship(good) | 1.14 (0.72~1.80) | |
Bad school relationship(good) | 1.42 (0.82~2.51) | |
Cox & Snell R2 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
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Kim, J.; Ko, Y. Influence of Experiencing Bullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Korean Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010853
Kim J, Ko Y. Influence of Experiencing Bullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Korean Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20):10853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010853
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jiyoun, and Young Ko. 2021. "Influence of Experiencing Bullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Korean Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20: 10853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010853