The Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Textile Workers in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
- − Directly participate in the production process,
- − Have worked in their current position for at least 12 months, and
- − Agree to participate in the study.
2.3. Criteria for Making the Diagnosis of Asthma and Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma
- − have been diagnosed with asthma according to the criteria above,
- − have a family or personal history of allergy,
- − serum IgE > 100 UI/mL, AND
- − positive for skin test (Prick test) with cotton dust.
2.4. Data Collection Instruments
- − A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect general information, such as age, gender, height, weight, marital status, smoking status, personal history of asthma across their whole life, family history of allergy, and work-related information, including seniority, working position, and time of cotton dust exposure per day.
- − An asthma screening questionnaire was developed based on GINA guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma.
- − Respiratory function measurement tool: CHEST HII 801 spirometer (2012, Japan) and Ventolin Inhaler 100mcg for bronchodilator reversibility test.
- − Materials to serve the prick test [16] with cotton dust allergen.
- − Materials for blood collection to quantify serum IgE concentration.
2.5. Research Progress
- − vital capacity (VC)
- − forced vital capacity (FVC)
- − forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)
- − Gaensler index is calculated by the following formula: Gaensler = FVC/FEV1.
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of The Study Population
3.2. Prevalence of Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma
3.3. Associated Factors with Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma among Textile Workers
4. Discussion
Weaknesses and Strengths of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N = 1082 | n (%) | Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||||
n | % | n | % | ||||
Gender | Male | 334 (30.9) | 12 | 3.6 | 322 | 96.4 | 0.473 |
Female | 748 (69.1) | 34 | 4.5 | 714 | 95.5 | ||
Age group (years) | 20–29 | 221 (20.4) | 5 | 2.3 | 216 | 97.7 | 0.152 |
30–39 | 533 (49.3) | 21 | 3.6 | 512 | 96.1 | ||
40–49 | 215 (19.9) | 14 | 6.5 | 201 | 93.5 | ||
≥50 | 113 (10.4) | 6 | 5.3 | 107 | 94.7 | ||
Overweight ** | Yes (BMI ≥ 25) | 48 (4.4) | 7 | 14.6 | 41 | 85.4 | <0.01 |
No | 1034 (95.6) | 39 | 3.8 | 995 | 96.2 | ||
Seniority | ≤5 years | 242 (22.4) | 4 | 1.7 | 238 | 98.3 | 0.001 |
6–10 years | 296 (27.3) | 6 | 2.0 | 290 | 98.0 | ||
>10 years | 544 (50.3) | 36 | 6.6 | 508 | 93.4 | ||
Working position (location of company) | Yarn Factory | 368 (34.0) | 22 | 6.0 | 346 | 94.0 | 0.043 |
Garment comp. | 714 (66.0) | 24 | 6.4 | 690 | 93.6 | ||
Marital status | Others | 37 (3.4) | 1 | 2.7 | 36 | 97.3 | 0.527 * |
married | 1045 (96.6) | 45 | 4.3 | 1000 | 95.7 | ||
Smoking | smoke | 38 (1.7) | 5 | 13.2 | 33 | 86.8 | 0.006 |
Non-smokers | 1044 (98.3) | 41 | 3.9 | 1003 | 95.1 | ||
History of asthma | Yes | 16 (1.5) | 4 | 25.0 | 12 | 75.0 | 0.004 * |
No | 1076 (98.5) | 42 | 3.9 | 1024 | 96.1 | ||
Family history of allergy | yes | 191 (17.7) | 32 | 16.8 | 159 | 83.2 | <0.001 |
No | 891 (82.3) | 14 | 1.6 | 877 | 98.4 | ||
Allergic rhinitis | yes | 564 (52.1) | 41 | 7.3 | 523 | 92.7 | <0.01 |
no | 518 (47.9) | 5 | 1.0 | 513 | 99.0 | ||
Allergic sinusitis | yes | 46 (4.3) | 4 | 8.7 | 42 | 91.3 | 0.127 * |
No | 1036 (95.7) | 42 | 4.1 | 994 | 95.9 | ||
Time of cotton dust exposure per day | no | 140 (12.9) | 2 | 1.4 | 138 | 98.6 | 0.004 |
1–4 h | 52 (4.8) | 1 | 1.9 | 51 | 98.1 | ||
5–8 h | 616 (56.9) | 23 | 3.7 | 593 | 96.3 | ||
9–11 h | 274 (25.3) | 20 | 7.3 | 254 | 92.7 |
Independent Variables | Crude OR a OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR b OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overweight | No (reference) | - | - | 0.002 |
Yes | 4.35 (1.84–10.32) | 5.15 (1.86–14.28) | ||
Seniority | ≤5 years (reference) | - | - | |
6–10 years | 1.05 (0.35–3.16) | 1.32 (0.57–3.95) | 0.520 0.012 | |
>10 years | 2.54 (1.05–6.14) | 4.12 (1.37–12.38) | ||
Working position (location of company) | Garment company (reference) | - | - | 0.297 |
Yarn Factory | 1.83 (1.01–3.31) | 1.45 (0.72–2.93) | ||
History of asthma | No (reference) | - | - | 0.009 |
Yes | 8.13 (5.52–26.26) | 8.11 (1.71–18.55) | ||
Allergic rhinitis | No (reference) | - | - | 0.011 |
Yes | 8.04 (3.15–20.52) | 3.67 (1.34–10.03) | ||
Family history of alergy | No (reference) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 12.61 (6.58–24.16) | 9.64 (4.73–19.64) | ||
Time of cotton dust exposure per day | No (reference) | - | - | |
1–8 h | 2.57 (0.6–11.0) | 4.52 (1.17–17.49) | 0.029 | |
9–11 h | 5.43 (1.25–23.59) | 2.91 (1.41–5.99) | 0.004 | |
Smoking | Non (reference) | - | 0.199 | |
Smoke | 12.61 (6.57–24.16) | 2.15 (0.67–6.91) |
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Ha, T.T.T.; Hanh, B.M.; Van Son, N.; Giang, H.T.; Hai, N.T.; Thuc, V.M.; Khue, P.M. The Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Textile Workers in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189813
Ha TTT, Hanh BM, Van Son N, Giang HT, Hai NT, Thuc VM, Khue PM. The Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Textile Workers in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189813
Chicago/Turabian StyleHa, Tran Thi Thuy, Bui My Hanh, Nguyen Van Son, Hoang Thị Giang, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Vu Minh Thuc, and Pham Minh Khue. 2021. "The Cotton Dust-Related Allergic Asthma: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Textile Workers in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189813