Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization among Expatriate Patients in Thailand: An Analysis of Hospital Service Data, 2014–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Source
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Outpatient Care
3.1.1. Situation of Outpatient Service Utilizations among Expatriate Patients
3.1.2. Descriptive Statistics and Univariable Analysis
3.1.3. Multivariable Analysis
3.2. Inpatient Care
3.2.1. Situation of Inpatient Service Utilization Expatriate Patients
3.2.2. Descriptive Statistics and Univariate Analysis
3.2.3. Multivariable Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | With NCDs N = 89,548 | Without NCDs N = 56,178 | Test (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
Male | 37,105 (59.1) | 25,696 (40.9) | |
Female | 52,442 (63.2) | 30,482 (36.8) | |
Median age—years (P25, P75) | 34.5 (26.9,45.9) | 35.1 (25.4,41.3) | Mann–Whitney U < 0.001 |
Age group—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
15–59 years | 80,744 (60.6) | 52,495 (39.4) | |
60 years and over | 8776 (70.5) | 3665 (29.5) | |
Nationality—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
CLMV | 82,525 (61.0) | 52,867 (39.0) | |
Non-CLMV | 7023 (68.0) | 3311 (32.0) | |
Marital status—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
Single | 35,021 (58.7) | 24,615 (41.3) | |
Married | 49,160 (63.0) | 28,873 (37.0) | |
Other | 1446 (73.7) | 517 (26.3) | |
Service areas—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
North | 19,588 (66.0) | 10,098 (34.0) | |
Central | 43,886 (59.6) | 29,783 (40.4) | |
Northeast | 11,550 (64.4) | 6393 (35.6) | |
South | 14,524 (59.5) | 9904 (40.5) | |
Insurance status—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
Insured | 31,045 (62.1) | 18,922 (37.9) | |
Uninsured | 58,003 (61.1) | 36,948 (38.9) | |
Year of service—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
2014 | 16,135 (62.0) | 9908 (38.0) | |
2015 | 15,109 (61.0) | 9666 (39.0) | |
2016 | 17,310 (60.3) | 11,394 (39.7) | |
2017 | 15,515 (61.3) | 9793 (38.7) | |
2018 | 25,479 (62.3) | 15,417 (37.7) |
Factors | Bivariate Analysis by Chi Square Test | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Female (vs. Male) | 1.19 (1.16–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) | <0.001 |
60 years and over (vs. 15–59 years) | 1.56 (1.50–1.62) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.28–1.41) | <0.001 |
CLMV (vs. non-CLMV) | 0.74 (0.71–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) | <0.001 |
Married status (vs. Single) | <0.001 | |||
Married | 1.20 (1.17–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | <0.001 |
Other | 1.97 (1.78–2.18) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.36–1.67) | <0.001 |
Service areas (vs. North) | <0.001 | |||
Central | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.79–0.84) | <0.001 |
Northeast | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | 0.001 | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | <0.001 |
South | 0.76 (0.73–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | <0.001 |
Uninsured (vs. insured) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.90–0.95) | <0.001 |
Year of service (vs. 2014) | <0.001 | |||
2015 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.023 | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.319 |
2016 | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | 0.013 |
2017 | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | <0.295 | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.842 |
2018 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | <0.460 | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.013 |
Characteristics | With NCDs N = 1837 | Without NCDs N = 1967 | Test (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
Male | 865 (59.6) | 586 (40.4) | |
Female | 972 (41.3) | 1381 (58.7) | |
Median age—years (P25, P75) | 47 (32.4, 60.2) | 37.9 (25.2, 46.6) | Mann–Whitney U < 0.001 |
Age group—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
15–59 years | 1357 (44.6) | 1687 (55.4) | |
60 years and over | 480 (63.2) | 279 (36.8) | |
Nationality—n (%) | Chi-square 0.001 | ||
CLMV | 1633 (47.4) | 1812 (52.6) | |
Non-CLMV | 204 (56.8) | 155 (43.2) | |
Marital status—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.295 | ||
Single | 541 (49.0) | 562 (51.0) | |
Married | 1248 (47.9) | 1360 (52.1) | |
Other | 27 (58.7) | 19 (41.3) | |
Service areas—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.001 | ||
North | 443 (51.9) | 410 (48.1) | |
Central | 566 (42.8) | 755 (57.2) | |
Northeast | 548 (60.1) | 364 (39.9) | |
South | 280 (39.0) | 438 (61.0) | |
Insurance status—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.418 | ||
Insured | 501 (47.3) | 558 (52.7) | |
Uninsured | 1334 (48.8) | 1401 (51.2) | |
Year of service—n (%) | Chi-square < 0.144 | ||
2014 | 515 (47.5) | 570 (52.5) | |
2015 | 509 (46.4) | 587 (53.6) | |
2017 | 389 (51.7) | 363 (48.3) | |
2018 | 515 (47.5) | 570 (52.5) |
Factors | Bivariate Analysis by Chi Square Test | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Female (vs. Male) | 0.48 (0.42–0.55) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.42–0.57) | <0.001 |
60 years and over (vs. 15–59 years) | 2.14 (1.82–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.40–2.03) | <0.001 |
CLMV (vs. non-CLMV) | 0.69 (0.55–0.85) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.05–1.74) | 0.019 |
Service areas (vs. North) | <0.001 | |||
Central | 0.69 (0.58–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | <0.001 |
Northeast | 1.40 (1.16–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.13–1.66) | 0.002 |
South | 0.59 (0.48–0.72) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.52–0.78) | <0.001 |
Year of service (vs. 2014) | 0.177 | |||
2015 | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | 0.618 | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 0.675 |
2017 | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 0.607 | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 0.268 |
2018 | 1.18 (0.98–1.43) | 0.075 | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 0.037 |
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Khunakorncharatphong, A.; Pudpong, N.; Suphanchaimat, R.; Julchoo, S.; Phaiyarom, M.; Sinam, P. Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization among Expatriate Patients in Thailand: An Analysis of Hospital Service Data, 2014–2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189721
Khunakorncharatphong A, Pudpong N, Suphanchaimat R, Julchoo S, Phaiyarom M, Sinam P. Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization among Expatriate Patients in Thailand: An Analysis of Hospital Service Data, 2014–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189721
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhunakorncharatphong, Anon, Nareerut Pudpong, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Sataporn Julchoo, Mathudara Phaiyarom, and Pigunkaew Sinam. 2021. "Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization among Expatriate Patients in Thailand: An Analysis of Hospital Service Data, 2014–2018" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189721