Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sampling Procedures
2.2. Recruitment and Participants
2.3. Procedure and Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
- Reflection on everyday stressful events has the potential to enhance psychological well-being among emerging adults, especially in the area of positive relationships with others;
- There is a positive association between the presence of meaning in life, but not search of meaning, self-efficacy, and well-being.
- Meaning in life and self-efficacy are predictors of psychological well-being. What is more, self-efficacy is a mediator between presence of meaning in life and psychological well-being;
- Both meaning in life and self-efficacy should be considered in planning interventions to foster psychological well-being.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group with Intervention | Control Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |
Age | 20.78 | 1.35 | 21.25 | 2.29 |
n | % | n | % | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 9 | 22.5 | 15 | 37.5 |
Female | 31 | 77.5 | 23 | 62.5 |
Place of residence | ||||
Town | 28 | 69 | 35 | 87.5 |
Village | 12 | 31 | 5 | 12.5 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 21 | 52 | 17 | 43 |
Informal relationship | 19 | 48 | 23 | 57 |
Married | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Children | ||||
Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
No | 40 | 100 | 40 | 100 |
Job | ||||
Yes | 7 | 17 | 14 | 36 |
No | 33 | 83 | 26 | 64 |
Before Intervention | After Intervention | t | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |||
Meaning in life Total result | 46.64 | 7.81 | 46.59 | 10.92 | −0.14 | 0.88 |
Presence of meaning in life | 20.21 | 6.29 | 21.09 | 7.51 | −1.83 | 0.07 |
Search of meaning in life | 26.24 | 3.77 | 25.48 | 5.39 | 1.01 | 0.31 |
Psychological well-being Total result | 55.67 * | 9.93 | 59.22 * | 9.79 | −2.25 * | 0.02 * |
Self-acceptance | 52.97 | 16.55 | 53.34 | 15.44 | −0.51 | 0.60 |
Positive relationships with others | 59.34 *** | 8.32 | 65.07 *** | 8.77 | −11.40 *** | 0.001 *** |
Autonomy | 56.41 | 13.76 | 57.51 | 13.36 | −0.93 | 0.35 |
Environmental mastery | 56.78 | 12.20 | 55.08 | 13.68 | 1.16 | 0.25 |
Purpose in life | 54.85 ** | 9.83 | 58.21 ** | 11.91 | −3.15 ** | 0.003 ** |
Personal growth | 64.14 | 8.99 | 65.41 | 7.70 | −1.87 | 0.06 |
Self—efficacy Total result | 28.06 ** | 5.95 | 29.60 * | 5.91 | −2.82 ** | 0.007 ** |
Pretest | Posttest | t | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |||
Meaning in life Total result | 47.50 | 5.56 | 47.75 | 6.03 | −1.74 | 0.10 |
Presence of meaning in life | 22.12 | 3.98 | 22.25 | 3.95 | −0.11 | 0.91 |
Search of meaning in life | 25.37 | 4.52 | 26.50 | 3.89 | −1.88 | 0.07 |
Psychological well-being Total result | 60.31 | 3.64 | 60.64 | 4.62 | −0.64 | 0.52 |
Self-acceptance | 61.37 | 4.03 | 62.38 | 5.48 | −0.67 | 0.50 |
Positive relationships with others | 59.12 | 9.05 | 58.75 | 4.84 | 0.28 | 0.78 |
Autonomy | 58.87 | 13.24 | 57.87 | 12.37 | 0.99 | 0.33 |
Environmental mastery | 60.00 | 5.77 | 59.37 | 4.86 | 0.67 | 0.50 |
Purpose in life | 57.25 | 5.90 | 59.62 | 7.62 | −3.88 | 0.08 |
Personal growth | 65.25 | 4.72 | 62.37 | 7.29 | 1.58 | 0.13 |
Self—efficacy Total result | 29.25 | 3.29 | 29.87 | 3.98 | −1.03 | 0.31 |
Outcome Variable | Predictor Variable | β | SE β | B | p | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 (path c) | Psychological well-being | Presence of meaning in life | 0.71 | 0.10 | 0.93 | <0.001 | 0.52 |
Step 2 (path a) | Self-efficacy | Presence of meaning in life | 0.58 | 0.11 | 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
Step 3 (path c’) | Psychological well-being | Presence of meaning in life | 0.32 | 0.09 | 1.02 | <0.001 | |
Self-efficacy | 0.62 | 0.09 | 0.42 | <0.001 | 0.76 |
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Czyżowska, N.; Gurba, E. Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189714
Czyżowska N, Gurba E. Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189714
Chicago/Turabian StyleCzyżowska, Natalia, and Ewa Gurba. 2021. "Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189714