Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Collaboration with Physicians in Poland: A Quantitative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Group
3.2. Pharmacists’ Opinions on Interprofessional Collaboration
3.3. Pharmacists’ Experiences with Interprofessional Collaboration
R111: Belief that cooperation could interfere with the competencies of one of the parties.
R7: Lack of knowledge (awareness) of doctors about the knowledge of pharmacists.
R26: arrogance and underestimating the second profession and the competence of health care workers.
R51: Sense of superiority of physician’s profession over the rest of healthcare professions.
R140: Most physicians treat pharmacists as salespeople.
R142: Physicians do not treat pharmacists as partners but rather as their subordinates because they think that only they [physicians] can cure, and pharmacists do not treat anyone.
3.4. Pharmacists Expectations toward Interprofessional Collaboration
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | Percent, % | |
---|---|---|
Number of respondents | 207 | 100.0 |
Workplace 1 | ||
village | 19 | 9.2 |
small town | 55 | 26.6 |
medium town | 65 | 31.4 |
large town | 68 | 32.9 |
Seniority (years) | ||
≤5 | 62 | 30.0 |
6–15 | 60 | 29.0 |
16–25 | 52 | 25.1 |
≥26 | 33 | 15.9 |
Foreign internship | ||
Yes | 16 | 7.7 |
No | 191 | 92.3 |
Specialization | ||
Yes | 62 | 30.0 |
No | 145 | 70.0 |
Variables | Results | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Σn | n1+2 | n3 | n4+5 | Dominant | Median | Lower Quartile | Upper Quartile | p-Value | ||
How is the collaboration between pharmacists and physicians currently shaped? (response options on a scale from 1—cooperation is very bad to 5—cooperation is very good) | ||||||||||
182 | 100 (55.0%) | 43 (23.6%) | 39 (21.4%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||
Specialization | No | 127 | 77 (60.6%) | 27 (21.3%) | 23 (18.1%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | p = 0.031 |
Yes | 55 | 23 (41.8%) | 16 (29.1%) | 16 (29.1%) | 2–3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | ||
Workplace 1 | village | 17 | 10 (58.8%) | 3 (17.7%) | 4 (23.5%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ns |
small town | 49 | 21 (42.9%) | 15 (30.6%) | 13 (26.5%) | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | ||
medium town | 53 | 29 (54.7%) | 14 (26.4%) | 10 (18.9%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||
large town | 63 | 40 (63.5%) | 11 (17.5%) | 12 (19.1%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||
Foreign internship | No | 169 | 89 (52.7%) | 42 (24.9%) | 38 (22.5%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ns |
Yes | 13 | 11 (84.6%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (7.7%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
Is collaboration between a pharmacist and a physician possible? (response options on a scale from 1—definitely not to 5—definitely yes) | ||||||||||
207 | 19 (9.2%) | 15 (7.2%) | 173 (83.6%) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | |||
Specialization | No | 145 | 13 (9.0%) | 11 (7.6%) | 121 (83.4%) | 4–5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ns |
Yes | 62 | 6 (9.7%) | 4 (6.4%) | 52 (83.9%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
Workplace 1 | village | 19 | 4 (21.1%) | 3 (15.8%) | 12 (63.1%) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | p = 0.026 |
small town | 55 | 5 (9.1%) | 2 (3.6%) | 48 (87.3%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
medium town | 65 | 5 (7.7%) | 6 (9.2%) | 54 (83.1%) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
large town | 68 | 5 (7.4%) | 4 (5.8%) | 59 (86.8%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
Foreign internship | No | 191 | 18 (9.4%) | 14 (7.3%) | 159 (83.3%) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ns |
Yes | 16 | 1 (6.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 14 (87.5%) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
Assess your attitude to collaboration between a physician and a pharmacist (response options on a scale from 1—very reluctant to 5—very willing) | ||||||||||
198 | 24 (12.1%) | 18 (9.1%) | 156 (78.8%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | |||
Specialization | No | 140 | 19 (13.6%) | 15 (10.7%) | 106 (75.7%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ns |
Yes | 39 | 5 (12.8%) | 4 (10.7%) | 30 (76.9%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
Workplace 1 | Village | 16 | 2 (12.5%) | 7 (43.8%) | 7 (43.8%) | 4–5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ns |
small town | 45 | 9 (20.0%) | 8 (17.8%) | 28 (62.2%) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | ||
medium town | 61 | 10 (16.4%) | 6 (9.8%) | 45 (73.8%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
large town | 67 | 3 (4.5%) | 5 (7.5%) | 59 (88.0%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
Foreign internship | No | 184 | 24 (13.0%) | 19 (10.7%) | 141 (76.6%) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | p = 0.011 |
Yes | 15 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Variables | Results | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
How Often in the Last Year Have You Made Contact with Physicians Regarding (1—Very Rarely, 5—Very Often) | ||||||||
Σn | n1+2 | n3 | n4+5 | Dominant | Median | Lower Quartile | Upper Quartile | |
formal aspects | ||||||||
correction of a prescription error | 207 | 17 (8.2%) | 36 (17.4%) | 154 (74.4%) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
consultation on drug availability at the pharmacy | 207 | 94 (45.4%) | 53 (25.6%) | 60 (29.0%) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
substantive aspects | ||||||||
consultation on drug dosage | 207 | 150 (72.5%) | 40 (19.3%) | 17 (8.2%) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
consultation on the choice of a drug substance | 207 | 189 (91.3%) | 14 (6.8%) | 4 (1.9%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
consultation on drug interactions | 197 | 188 (95.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
consultation on side effects | 207 | 202 (97.6%) | 2 (2.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
prescription drug consultation | 182 | 127 (69.8%) | 47 (25.8%) | 8 (4.4%) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
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Zielińska-Tomczak, Ł.; Cerbin-Koczorowska, M.; Przymuszała, P.; Gałązka, N.; Marciniak, R. Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Collaboration with Physicians in Poland: A Quantitative Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189686
Zielińska-Tomczak Ł, Cerbin-Koczorowska M, Przymuszała P, Gałązka N, Marciniak R. Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Collaboration with Physicians in Poland: A Quantitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189686
Chicago/Turabian StyleZielińska-Tomczak, Łucja, Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska, Piotr Przymuszała, Natalia Gałązka, and Ryszard Marciniak. 2021. "Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Collaboration with Physicians in Poland: A Quantitative Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189686