The Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Duration and Volume of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents on Skeletal Muscle Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Selection Criteria
2.3. Coding of Studies
2.4. Assessment of Methodological Quality and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Characteristics
3.2. Methodological Quality and Bias Assessment
3.3. Effects of Physical Activity
3.4. Effects of Physical Activity Elements
3.4.1. Training Frequency
3.4.2. Training Intensity
3.4.3. Training Duration
3.4.4. Training Type
3.4.5. Training Volume
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Physical Activity on Muscle Fitness
4.2. Effects of Physical Activity Elements on Muscle Fitness
4.2.1. Training Frequency
4.2.2. Training Intensity
4.2.3. Training Duration
4.2.4. Training Type
4.2.5. Training Volume
4.3. Theory Support
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Registration and Protocol
References
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Author, Age | N Con | N Exp | Age | Subject | Sex | Progress | Frequency | Intensity | Time | Form | Sets | Reps | Rests | Volume | Jaded Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resistance training | |||||||||||||||
Faigenbaum, 2001 [29] | 12 | IG1: 15 IG2: 16 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | children | both | 8 | 2 | IG1: high IG2: moderate | NA | resistance training | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 |
Harries, 2018 [30] | 15 | IG1: 8 IG2: 8 | IG1: 16.8 ± 1.0 IG2: 17.0 ± 1.1 CG: 15.5 ± 1.0 | rugby union players | male | 12 | 2 | moderate | 60 | resistance training | 4~6 | IG1: 3-10 IG2:3-5 | NA | NA | 2 |
Moraes, 2013 [31] | 10 | IG1: 14 IG2: 14 | IG1: 15.5 ± 0.9 IG2: 15.4 ± 1.1 CG: 15.6 ± 0.9 | adolescence | male | 12 | 3 | 67–75% 1RM | NA | resistance training | 3 | 10~12 | 60–120 | NA | 2 |
Nichols, 2001 [15] | 11 | 5 | 14–17 | students | female | 60 | 3 | 75–77% 1RM | NA | resistance training | 2~3 | 9~10 | NA | NA | 2 |
Rey, 2017 [32] | 16 | IG1:16 IG2:15 | IG1:17.4 ± 0.8 IG2:17.3 ± 0.8 CG:17.3 ± 0.9 | soccer players | NA | 10 | 2–3 | NA | NA | eccentric hamstring training, Nordic curl, Russian belt | 3 | 8~10 | NA | NA | 2 |
Santos, 2008 [33] | 10 | 15 | CG:14.2 ± 0.4 IG:14.7 ± 0.5 | basketball player | male | 10 | 2 | 10RM | NA | resistance or plyometric training program | 2~4 | 5~10 | 120–180 | NA | 2 |
Santos, 2011 [34] | 10 | 14 | CG: 14.5 ± 0.4 IG: 15.0 ± 0.5 | basketball players | male | 10 | 2 | NA | NA | in-season training program | 4 | 6~10 | 180~240 | NA | 2 |
Santos, 2012 [35] | 10 | 15 | CG: 14.2 ± 0.4 IG: 14.5 ± 0.6 | basketball players | male | 10 | 2 | 10RM | NA | resistance training | 3 | 10 | 120–180 | NA | 2 |
Szymanski, 2004 [36] | 23 | 20 | 15.3 ± 1.1 | baseball players | male | 12 | 3 | 10 RM | NA | resistance training | 2~3 | 10 | 90 | NA | 2 |
Szymanski, 2007 [37] | 24 | 25 | 14–18y | baseball players | male | 12 | 3 | 45–85%1RM | NA | medicine ball exercises | 2 | 6~10 | 90 | NA | 2 |
Winwood, 2019 [38] | 25 | 14 | 14.3 ± 0.5 | adolescents | male | 7 | 2 | NA | 60 | resistance Training | 2~3 | 5/10~15 | 120 | NA | 2 |
Non-resistance training | |||||||||||||||
Alves, 2016 [39] | 44 | IG1: 45 IG2: 39 | 10.91 ± 0.51 | children | both | 8 | 2 | 20 m shuttle run: 75%VO2max | NA | IG1: strength training before run IG2: run before strength training | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 |
Faigenbaum, 2015 [40] | 21 | 20 | CG:9.6 ± 0.3 IG:9.5 ± 0.3 | student | both | 8 | 2 | NA | 15 | FIT program | NA | NA | NA | 240 | 2 |
Ferrete, 2014 [41] | 13 | 11 | IG:9.32 ± 0.25 CG:8.26 ± 0.33 | soccer players | NA | 26 | 2 | high | 30 | strength and high-intensity training | NA | NA | NA | 480 | 2 |
Granacher, 2011 [42] | 15 | 15 | CG:6.6 ± 0.5 IG:6.7 ± 0.5 | student | both | 4 | 3 | progressively increased | 60 | Balance exercise | NA | NA | NA | 774 | 1 |
Richards, 2014 [43] | 1185 | IG1:70 IG2:79 | 11–14y | students | both | 11 | 1 | NA | 40 | Football game | NA | NA | NA | 320 | 3 |
Lubans, 2010 [44] | 30 | IG1: 22 IG2: 15 | CG:14.5 ± 0.6 IG1: 14.9 ± 0.6 IG2: 15.1 ± 0.7 | student | both | 8 | 2 | NA | 45 | Elastic tubing and free weights exercises | 20 | 8–10 | 60–90 | 540 | 3 |
Mayorga-VIGa, 2016 [45] | 57 | 54 | 12–14 | student | both | 17 | 2 | Moderate to high | 50 | Mixed training program | NA | NA | NA | 580 | 2 |
Rodríguez-Rosell, 2016 [46] | 15 | 15 | IG: 12.7 ± 0.5 CG:12.8 ± 0.5 | soccer players | NA | 6 | 2 | 45–58%1RM | 35 | Mixed training program | NA | NA | NA | 350 | 2 |
St Laurent, 2018 [16] | 11 | 17 | 9.3 ± 1.5 | children | both | 6 | 2 | NA | 60 | suspension-training movement program | NA | NA | NA | 960 | 2 |
Yohei, 2013 [47] | 58 | 36 | 13.7 ± 0.6 | Exercise habits | boy | 8 | 5 | body mass-based | 3 | body mass-based squat movement | NA | NA | NA | 75 | 2 |
Radom | Blinding | Lost/Exit | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without/Unclear/False | Mentioned but No Specific Method | “Radom” and Describe the Correct Method | Without/False | Mentioned but No Specific Method | „Double blind” and Describe the Correct Method | Not Mentioned | Detailed Description of Cases and the Reasons | ||
Faigenbaum, 2001 | + | + | + | 1 | |||||
Harries, 2018 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Moraes, 2013 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Nichols, 2001 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Rey, 2017 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Santos, 2008 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Santos, 2011 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Santos, 2012 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Szymanski, 2004 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Szymanski, 2007 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Winwood, 2019 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Alves, 2016 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Faigenbaum, 2015 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Ferrete, 2014 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Granacher, 2011 | + | + | + | 1 | |||||
Justin, 2014 | + | + | + | 3 | |||||
Lubans, 2010 | + | + | + | 3 | |||||
Mayorga-Vega, 2016 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Rodríguez-Rosell, 2016 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
St Laurent, 2018 | + | + | + | 2 | |||||
Yohei, 2013 | + | + | + | 2 |
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Wu, C.; Xu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Cao, Y.; Yu, K.; Huang, C. The Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Duration and Volume of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents on Skeletal Muscle Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189640
Wu C, Xu Y, Chen Z, Cao Y, Yu K, Huang C. The Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Duration and Volume of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents on Skeletal Muscle Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189640
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Chunchun, Yongjin Xu, Zhaojing Chen, Yinhang Cao, Kehong Yu, and Cong Huang. 2021. "The Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Duration and Volume of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents on Skeletal Muscle Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189640