Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Outcomes
2.3.1. Ecological Momentary Assessment
2.3.2. Focus Groups
2.4. Analysis
2.4.1. Ecological Momentary Assessment
2.4.2. Focus Groups
2.4.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.1.1. Ecological Momentary Assessment
3.1.2. Focus Groups
“[…] So I was just curious as to how the intervention may help me actually sort of move around a bit more and what impact that may or may not have on my day to day work and my health as well.”P04 C1 Prompt 30
“I wanted to get involved for selfish reasons really to find out my sort of cholesterol levels and blood sugar, blood glucose, because there is a history of heart disease and diabetes in my family so I thought it’ll be a good opportunity to find out where I stand with that and whether breaking up my sitting patterns in work would, you know, indeed help with that as well.”P51 C1 Prompt 60
“At the beginning you know I quite often when I saw other people on the team standing up, move around and do this that and the other, I thought oh this could be quite a good idea, because sometimes you can sit there for three hours.”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“Me and C definitely did like I said, we work really close together so we could visually see each other. We were on the same 30 min [prompt] so it did feel like we were prompting each other.”P44 C2 Prompt 30
“I think the other interesting thing about it, is there was quite a few of us in the office doing it [the prompts] often aligned.”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“I think [the intervention has] made [breaking up sedentary time] less of an odd behavior. Before, if someone stood up you’d think ‘oh why is he stood up to do his skype call’ whereas now maybe the whole idea of standing up at your desk is not that weird. So it’s acceptable.”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“I’ve noticed people do stand-up more in the office when doing skype calls and things.”P51 C1 Prompt 60
“I did have to turn [my prompts] off for three weeks because my work just couldn’t let me take time to stand up.”P42 C2 Prompt 30
“Quite a lot of the time I’d just press no because I’m busy”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“[During the intervention period] I was up and down up and down all the time. But now, at this particular point in time I’ve got a lot more desk work to do. And so now, I would be aware of having to get up because you know I know I’ve been sitting”P48 C2 Prompt 30
“[…] ironically the days I probably had my worst percentage score in terms of hitting ‘Yes, I’m up’ were my most active days. Because if I was out on site for two or three hours I wouldn’t pay attention to the phone. So I’d miss maybe six or seven consecutive prompts in which time I could’ve racked up maybe 6,7,8 thousand steps ”P05 C1 Prompt 30
“I kept missing [the prompt] because I wasn’t my desk, didn’t have my phone on me and I’d get back and look at it and think, Oh, I missed two this time […] But it wasn’t that I was sitting anyway, I was up and down up and down all the time”P48 C2 Prompt 30
“When I was [at my desk], you know, sit on my desk was fine, this wasn’t a problem that didn’t have an issue with it at all, was simple enough to use Yeah, it’s just quick press a button stand up”P39 C2 Prompt 30
“[…] if I had a deadline, I was concentrating, if I had to something done then 60 min could just got like that and so I could be sitting close to two hours so the 60 min actually prompted me to move so I thought that was beneficial.”P05 C1 Prompt 60
“Those 30 min go really quickly. Yeah, you know, and although [breaking up your sedentary time is] very simple to do, when you know it is just like that but when you are kind of working and focusing, and times going quick you just think. Yeah, you kind of have a little bit of a sigh really when you see it pop up.”P44 C2 Prompt 30
“I think that the 60 min duration was good for me I don’t think I would’ve liked a shorter duration the 30 min one”P05 C1 Prompt 60
“I always wanted to try and engage and get as close to 100% as I could. Then I sort of felt a bit pressured in a way, I almost found it quite stressful […] trying to achieve [the breaks]. There was like an added stress that I didn’t really need”P51 C1 Prompt 60
“The danger of [frequently breaking up sedentary time at work] though is that people might feel conscious that if they were, I was spending too long too long away from their desks they might be seen as a slacker for not working.”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“I think you tend to think you’re being paid to work. So I focus on the work all the time without thinking about getting up […] I’m there to work.”P49 C2 Prompt 30
“I think it would have been a better study, if it connected to something like a watch, where it did actually monitor whether or not you were getting up”P05 C1 Prompt 60
“[The intervention] wasn’t habit forming no for me no”P55 C1 Prompt 30
“Well, there’s [a company initiative], it’s more about general environment but something like that where possibly some built in rewards”P49 C2 Prompt 30
“I think if I thought ‘oh okay I feel much better for that’ I would have carried on doing it, but it didn’t seem to make any difference to how I felt physically or emotionally. So I was getting nothing from [the intervention]. I wasn’t even getting emotional reward about saying ‘Oh well done you’ve worked hard now you get a break’ no you get nothing. […] it sounds ridiculous, but you feel like I want something or you gather coins or points or you have a competition between yourselves about how much you’ve earned […] or some facts that you’ve learned about something, average concentration time is 40 min, so it’s a good time, you’ll be working better when you sit down or just something”P55 C1 Prompt 30
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Prompt 30 | Prompt 60 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Affect | Alone | With Others | Alone | With Others |
Low negative | 3.6 (18) | 2.4 (12) | 2.9 (14) | 6.9 (34) |
Pleasantness | 23.7 (119) | 24.1 (121) | 9.2 (45) | 27.1 (133) |
High positive | 0.6 (3) | 2.8 (14) | 0.2 (1) | 2.0 (10) |
Strong engagement | 5.8 (29) | 4.6 (23) | 2.2 (11) | 8.8 (43) |
High negative | 5.4 (27) | 6.4 (32) | 3.9 (19) | 10.4 (51) |
Unpleasantness | 2.2 (11) | 2.2 (11) | 2.4 (12) | 1.2 (6) |
Low positive | 18.3 (20) | 9.7 (49) | 8.1 (40) | 11.0 (54) |
Disengagement | 0.6 (3) | 0.2 (1) | 0.6 (3) | 1.4 (7) |
Prompt 30 | Prompt 60 | U (z) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
How much did you break up your sedentary time this week compared to last week? | 7.0 | 6.0 | 2322.5 (−0.9) | 0.359 |
How often did you engage with the prompts this week? | 7.0 | 7.0 | 2440.5 (−0.4) | 0.665 |
How likely are you to engage with the prompts next week? | 8.0 | 8.0 | 2779.5 (1.0) | 0.336 |
How helpful do you find the prompts? | 8.0 | 7.5 | 2425.5 (−0.5) | 0.620 |
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Morris, A.S.; Mackintosh, K.A.; Owen, N.; Dempsey, P.C.; Dunstan, D.W.; McNarry, M.A. Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189627
Morris AS, Mackintosh KA, Owen N, Dempsey PC, Dunstan DW, McNarry MA. Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189627
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorris, Abigail S., Kelly A. Mackintosh, Neville Owen, Paddy C. Dempsey, David W. Dunstan, and Melitta A. McNarry. 2021. "Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189627
APA StyleMorris, A. S., Mackintosh, K. A., Owen, N., Dempsey, P. C., Dunstan, D. W., & McNarry, M. A. (2021). Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Time at Work. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189627