Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participant Recruitment
2.2. Outcome Definition
2.3. Exposure Definition
2.4. Measurement of Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NWNT | NWHT | EWNT | EWHT | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 3494 | 672 | 1830 | 922 | |
Demographic and lifestyle factors | |||||
Mean age (years) | 59.6 ± 9.3 | 58.0 ± 8.7 | 59.0 ± 9.2 | 58.6 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Male | 1966 (56.3%) | 356 (53.0%) | 581 (31.7%) | 288 (31.2%) | |
Female | 1528 (43.7%) | 316 (47.0%) | 1249 (68.3%) | 634 (68.8%) | |
Current smoker, n (%) | 1329 (38.2%) | 247 (36.9%) | 336 (18.4%) | 180 (19.6%) | <0.001 |
Current drinker, n (%) | 1320 (37.8%) | 231 (34.5%) | 468 (25.6%) | 246 (26.7%) | <0.001 |
Education, n (%) | 0.189 | ||||
Illiterate/no formal education | 1740 (49.8%) | 302 (44.9%) | 938 (51.3%) | 456 (49.5%) | |
Primary school | 791 (22.6%) | 162 (24.1%) | 362 (19.8%) | 204 (22.1%) | |
Middle school | 633 (18.1%) | 151 (22.5%) | 360 (19.7%) | 166 (18.0%) | |
High school or above | 330 (9.4%) | 57 (8.5%) | 170 (9.3%) | 96 (10.4%) | |
Current marital status, n (%) | 0.350 | ||||
Not married | 557 (15.9%) | 90 (13.4%) | 284 (15.5%) | 135 (14.7%) | |
Married or cohabitated | 2936 (84.1%) | 582 (86.6%) | 1546 (84.5%) | 786 (85.3%) | |
Area of residence, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Rural | 2539 (72.7%) | 469 (69.8%) | 1139 (62.2%) | 532 (57.7%) | |
Urban | 955 (27.3%) | 203 (30.2%) | 691 (37.8%) | 390 (42.3%) | |
Clinical/biochemical measures | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 2.7 | 22.2 ± 2.6 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 26.8 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | |||||
Male | 79.3 ± 5.9 | 81.8 ± 5.7 | 96.1 ± 5.5 | 97.0 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
Female | 76.6 ± 5.6 | 78.2 ± 4.7 | 92.6 ± 6.4 | 94.4 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125.9 ± 20.7 | 128.3 ± 20.3 | 133.8 ± 21.4 | 135.8 ± 21.9 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.1 ± 11.9 | 75.1 ± 11.8 | 77.9 ± 12.0 | 79.5 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
Plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 2.2 (1.9–2.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 2.3 (2.0–3.0) | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
History of chronic diseases | |||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 1176 (33.8%) | 270 (40.4%) | 967 (53.2%) | 561 (61.1%) | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 277 (8.7%) | 78 (13.1%) | 292 (17.8%) | 249 (30.1%) | <0.001 |
NWNT | NWHT | EWNT | EWHT | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | p Value | RR (95%CI) | p Value | RR (95%CI) | p Value | |
Crude model | Ref | 1.253 (0.923–1.703) | 0.148 | 2.153 (1.781–2.602) | <0.001 | 3.179 (2.568–3.934) | <0.001 |
Model 1 | Ref | 1.093 (0.817–1.462) | 0.550 | 1.998 (1.662–2.400) | <0.001 | 2.423 (1.979–2.966) | <0.001 |
Model 2 | Ref | 1.063 (0.793–1.425) | 0.682 | 1.580 (1.265–1.972) | <0.001 | 1.909 (1.499–2.447) | <0.001 |
NWNT | NWHT | EWNT | EWHT | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | p Value | RR (95%CI) | p Value | RR (95%CI) | p Value | |
Gender | |||||||
Male | Ref | 0.914 (0.604–1.382) | 0.670 | 1.603 (1.131–2.271) | 0.008 | 1.977 (1.334–2.928) | 0.001 |
Female | Ref | 1.285 (0.842–1.960) | 0.245 | 1.652 (1.222–2.234) | 0.001 | 1.947 (1.394–2.719) | <0.001 |
Age group | |||||||
<60 years | Ref | 0.907 (0.576–1.429) | 0.675 | 1.631 (1.174–2.266) | 0.004 | 1.937 (1.343–2.793) | <0.001 |
≥60 years | Ref | 1.224 (0.836–1.790) | 0.299 | 1.526 (1.128–2.064) | 0.006 | 1.854 (1.323–2.599) | <0.001 |
Area of residence | |||||||
Rural | Ref | 1.052 (0.747–1.481) | 0.773 | 1.557 (1.197–2.024) | 0.001 | 2.081 (1.547–2.801) | <0.001 |
Urban | Ref | 1.083 (0.613–1.914) | 0.784 | 1.525 (1.008–2.307) | <0.046 | 1.564 (0.997–2.455) | 0.052 |
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Chen, D.; Liang, Z.; Sun, H.; Lu, C.; Chen, W.; Wang, H.H.X.; Guo, V.Y. Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189618
Chen D, Liang Z, Sun H, Lu C, Chen W, Wang HHX, Guo VY. Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189618
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Dezhong, Ziyun Liang, Huimin Sun, Ciyong Lu, Weiqing Chen, Harry H. X. Wang, and Vivian Yawei Guo. 2021. "Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189618