Characteristics and Circumstances Associated with Work-Related Suicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2013–2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Source
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Number of States | Not a Factor N (%) | A Minor Factor N (%) | A Major Factor N (%) | Total Number of Suicides (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Reporting States | |||||
2013 | 17 | 9281 (86.13) | 1137 (10.55) | 357 (3.31) | 10,775 |
2014 | 18 | 10,505 (87.21) | 1094 (9.08) | 447 (3.71) | 12,046 |
2015 | 27 | 14,793 (88.34) | 1431 (8.55) | 522 (3.12) | 16,746 |
2016 | 32 | 18,403 (87.95) | 1822 (8.71) | 700 (3.35) | 20,925 |
2017 | 37 | 21,191 (88.68) | 1860 (7.78) | 846 (3.54) | 23,897 |
Total | 37 | 74,173 (87.89) | 7344 (8.70) | 2872 (3.40) | 84,389 |
States Reporting for All Study Years | |||||
2013 | 17 | 9281 (86.13) | 1137 (10.55) | 357 (3.31) | 10,775 |
2014 | 17 | 9509 (86.92) | 996 (9.10) | 435 (3.98) | 10,940 |
2015 | 17 | 10,075 (88.40) | 922 (8.09) | 400 (3.51) | 11,397 |
2016 | 17 | 10,142 (87.63) | 996 (8.61) | 436 (3.77) | 11,574 |
2017 | 17 | 10,660 (88.56) | 898 (7.46) | 479 (3.98) | 12,037 |
Total | 17 | 49,667 (87.56) | 4949 (8.72) | 2107 (3.71) | 56,723 |
Characteristic | Total Number | Not a Factor (%) | A Minor Factor (%) | A Major Factor (%) | Chi-Square Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Percent | 87.89 | 8.70 | 3.40 | ||
Sex 1 | <0.0001 | ||||
Male | 64,466 | 86.59 | 9.60 | 3.82 | |
Female | 19,922 | 92.12 | 5.81 | 2.07 | |
Age | <0.0001 | ||||
16–20 | 5775 | 95.29 | 3.31 | 1.40 | |
21–34 | 23,884 | 89.20 | 7.75 | 3.05 | |
35–54 | 36,763 | 86.14 | 9.93 | 3.93 | |
55–64 | 17,967 | 87.37 | 9.19 | 3.44 | |
Marriage | <0.0001 | ||||
Married/Civil Union/Widowed | 26,606 | 85.92 | 9.54 | 4.54 | |
Never Married/Single | 35,665 | 89.52 | 7.79 | 2.69 | |
Divorced/ Married but Separated | 21,030 | 87.46 | 9.35 | 3.19 | |
Other/Unknown | 1088 | 91.36 | 5.61 | 3.03 | |
Education | <0.0001 | ||||
Less Than High School | 11,292 | 92.84 | 5.16 | 1.99 | |
High School Diploma/Some College Credit, But No Degree | 45,091 | 88.81 | 8.00 | 3.19 | |
College and Above | 19,066 | 83.54 | 11.78 | 4.68 | |
Unknown | 8940 | 86.31 | 10.15 | 3.55 | |
Race | <0.0001 | ||||
White, Non-Hispanic | 68,502 | 87.37 | 9.13 | 3.49 | |
Black or African American, Non-Hispanic | 5669 | 90.40 | 6.70 | 2.89 | |
Hispanic | 5564 | 90.31 | 6.52 | 3.16 | |
Other Race, Non-Hispanic | 3370 | 89.38 | 7.42 | 3.20 | |
Other/Unknown | 1284 | 90.26 | 7.32 | 2.41 | |
Occupation | <0.0001 | ||||
Management | 5089 | 80.80 | 12.42 | 6.78 | |
Legal | 523 | 76.86 | 16.63 | 6.50 | |
Protective Service | 1854 | 83.17 | 11.27 | 5.56 | |
Architecture and Engineering | 1511 | 81.73 | 12.84 | 5.43 | |
Life, Physical, and Social Science | 522 | 80.84 | 13.79 | 5.36 | |
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical | 2736 | 82.57 | 12.21 | 5.23 | |
Business and Financial Operations | 1663 | 81.36 | 13.71 | 4.93 | |
Computer and Mathematical | 1646 | 81.35 | 14.16 | 4.50 | |
Sales and Related | 5334 | 84.53 | 11.29 | 4.18 | |
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry | 585 | 90.09 | 5.81 | 4.10 | |
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 2573 | 88.26 | 7.73 | 4.00 | |
Educational Instruction and Library | 1306 | 87.98 | 8.19 | 3.83 | |
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair | 4367 | 86.42 | 9.78 | 3.80 | |
Transportation and Material Moving | 6295 | 87.24 | 9.09 | 3.67 | |
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media | 1737 | 86.36 | 10.07 | 3.57 | |
Production | 5421 | 86.94 | 9.50 | 3.56 | |
Office and Administrative Support | 3897 | 87.12 | 9.49 | 3.39 | |
Food Preparation and Serving Related | 3145 | 89.63 | 7.47 | 2.89 | |
Personal Care and Service | 1573 | 90.46 | 6.80 | 2.73 | |
Construction and Extraction | 9337 | 89.38 | 7.98 | 2.65 | |
Community and Social Service | 663 | 88.39 | 9.05 | 2.56 | |
Healthcare Support | 1138 | 90.07 | 7.38 | 2.55 |
Characteristic | Total Number | Not a Factor (%) | A Minor Factor (%) | A Major Factor (%) | Chi-Square Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall percent | 86.85 | 9.55 | 3.60 | ||
Mechanism | <0.0001 | ||||
Fall | 1838 | 89.34 | 6.47 | 4.19 | |
Hanging/Strangulation/Suffocation | 24,004 | 85.86 | 10.05 | 4.09 | |
Firearms | 34,845 | 85.65 | 10.61 | 3.74 | |
Fire or Burns | 330 | 90.91 | 6.36 | 2.73 | |
Drowning | 734 | 90.46 | 6.81 | 2.72 | |
Poison | 12,106 | 90.81 | 6.85 | 2.35 | |
Transportation | 1261 | 91.99 | 5.87 | 2.14 | |
Other Weapon | 1569 | 87.89 | 8.16 | 3.95 | |
Other/Unknown | 185 | 90.27 | 5.95 | 3.78 | |
Circumstances | |||||
Financial Problem | 7661 | 58.86 | 33.61 | 7.53 | <0.0001 |
Eviction or Loss of Home | 3147 | 71.78 | 22.85 | 5.37 | <0.0001 |
Depressed Mood | 28,059 | 79.00 | 15.96 | 5.04 | <0.0001 |
Relationship Problems with Others | 1892 | 80.81 | 14.43 | 4.76 | <0.0001 |
Alcohol Problem | 15,621 | 82.84 | 13.17 | 3.98 | <0.0001 |
Suicide Note | 25,891 | 85.66 | 10.45 | 3.90 | <0.0001 |
Family Relationship Problem | 7581 | 83.38 | 13.03 | 3.59 | <0.0001 |
Mental Health Problem | 38,902 | 86.97 | 9.78 | 3.25 | <0.0001 |
Death Friend or Family, or Other | 4318 | 86.85 | 9.55 | 3.60 | 0.0228 |
Physical Health Problem | 11,695 | 85.75 | 11.21 | 3.04 | <0.0001 |
Argument | 13,732 | 88.68 | 8.60 | 2.72 | <0.0001 |
Suicide Attempt History | 16,915 | 88.46 | 8.95 | 2.59 | <0.0001 |
Characteristic/Circumstance | Total Number | Odds Ratio | 95% CI Lower Limits | 95% CI Upper Limits |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Male | 58,346 | 1.96 | 1.84 | 2.09 |
Age group 16 to 20 | 5209 | 0.52 | 0.45 | 0.59 |
Age group 55 to 64 | 16,396 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.86 |
Married or Civil Union, or Widowed | 24,307 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 1.32 |
Education Less Than High School | 10,139 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.80 |
Education College and Above | 17,533 | 1.34 | 1.27 | 1.41 |
Mechanism of Poison | 12,105 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.78 |
Occupation | ||||
Occupation: Healthcare Practitioners | 2557 | 1.82 | 1.62 | 2.04 |
Occupation: Management | 4670 | 1.50 | 1.38 | 1.63 |
Occupation: Business and Financial Operations | 1538 | 1.48 | 1.28 | 1.70 |
Occupation: Protective Service | 1688 | 1.44 | 1.25 | 1.64 |
Occupation: Office and Administrative Support | 3617 | 1.36 | 1.23 | 1.52 |
Occupation: Computer and Mathematical | 1522 | 1.32 | 1.15 | 1.52 |
Occupation: Sales and Related Occupations | 4916 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.40 |
Occupation: Construction and Extraction | 8496 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.92 |
Circumstances | ||||
Financial Problem | 7661 | 4.70 | 4.45 | 4.97 |
Depressed Mood | 28,060 | 2.39 | 2.29 | 2.50 |
Eviction or Loss of Home | 3147 | 1.57 | 1.43 | 1.72 |
Alcohol Problem | 15,621 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.39 |
Relationship Problem with Others | 1892 | 1.36 | 1.19 | 1.54 |
Family Relationship | 7581 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.35 |
Suicide Note | 25,892 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.16 |
Suicide Attempt History | 16,915 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.92 |
Death Friend or Family, or Other | 4318 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.91 |
Argument | 13,732 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.84 |
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Peek-Asa, C.; Zhang, L.; Hamann, C.; Davis, J.; Schwab-Reese, L. Characteristics and Circumstances Associated with Work-Related Suicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2013–2017. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189538
Peek-Asa C, Zhang L, Hamann C, Davis J, Schwab-Reese L. Characteristics and Circumstances Associated with Work-Related Suicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2013–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189538
Chicago/Turabian StylePeek-Asa, Corinne, Ling Zhang, Cara Hamann, Jonathan Davis, and Laura Schwab-Reese. 2021. "Characteristics and Circumstances Associated with Work-Related Suicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2013–2017" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189538