A Mixed-Methods Approach-Based Study of Anaphylaxis Awareness and Educational Needs among Nursing Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Identify the anaphylaxis awareness of nursing students.
- (2)
- Confirm the educational needs for anaphylaxis through the nursing students’ FGI.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Anaphylactic Awareness Measurement
2.3.2. FGI Questions on the Educational Needs Regarding Anaphylaxis
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Analysis
- (1)
- Means, standard deviations, numbers, and percentages were calculated for participants’ general characteristics and awareness of anaphylaxis.
- (2)
- Qualitative analysis of interview content was conducted using the thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke [15]. First, two researchers carefully read all data collected through interview records and on-site memos to fully understand the data; then, they selected meaningful data and underlined them to indicate meanings or patterns. Second, the underlined data were reviewed, and the characteristics of the data were coded. Third, the common codes were collected and classified according to potential themes by the same researchers. Themes and subthemes were derived through this step. Fourth, the identified themes were modified to reflect the overall data and compared with subthemes. Fifth, the derived themes and subthemes were clearly named. Lastly, the researchers performed the final analysis and data interpretation.
2.6. Ensuring the Data Quality to Generate Authenticity of the Qualitative Study
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Results
3.2. Qualitative Results
3.2.1. Necessity of Anaphylaxis Education
“…I know that children with anaphylaxis are on the rise these days…If you find someone who is experiencing anaphylactic shock, you should inject epinephrine, but you do not know how much and where to give it…I do not think I can apply it in real life even if I have some knowledge…I think we need to learn more.”(P3)
“It was wintertime in my second year of elementary school, when I had sudden difficulty breathing…As a nursing student, I hope I could acquire knowledge and skills to cope with such an emergency situation. Education is of utmost importance.”(P5)
3.2.2. Necessity of Various Education Methods
“It would be memorable if [an] education program is implemented in this sequence: systematic acquisition of basic concepts, followed by more lively understanding of the contents with the aid of video or other multimedia materials, and finally rehearsal in simulated situations.”(P7)
“…Topic discussions or PBL classes were the most impressive, leaving the longest lasting memory.”(P5)
3.2.3. Necessity of Field Training-Based Study of Educational Content
“…symptoms, patients’ physical changes, quick action, treatments, dosage, etc. I want to learn how to deal clinically. Case studies will be helpful.”(P8)
“Let’s suppose that an anaphylaxis patient fell right in front of us…What [do I] do first? How [do I] do it step-by-step? I want to learn the causes, symptoms, how to deal with them, [and] how to manage them in the future.”(P13)
3.2.4. Necessity of Repeated Education
“We learned a little in many subjects by the 2nd year in college; but now we are in the 4th year, and I have only faint memories…I wish we had the chance of having periodic and serial education programs adjusted to each school year so we can learn more in depth…”(P1)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Order | Contents |
---|---|
Start | Please introduce yourself briefly. |
Introduction | What do you think about anaphylaxis education? |
Transform | Do you think anaphylaxis education is necessary? |
Key question | What do you think is necessary for anaphylaxis education? |
Concluding question | Lastly, please comment on anaphylaxis education. |
Variable | Category | n (%) | Awareness Score Mean ± SD | t/F (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 15 (6.8) | 5.33 ± 1.18 | −0.26 (0.793) |
Female | 204 (93.2) | 5.42 ± 1.26 | ||
Total | 219 (100.0) | 5.42 ± 1.25 | ||
School years | 3rd | 118 (53.9) | 5.51 ± 1.43 | 1.22 (0.225) |
4th | 101 (46.1) | 5.31 ± 1.01 | ||
Total | 219 (100.0) | 5.42 ± 1.25 | ||
Age (years) | ≤20 | 53 (24.4) | 5.62 ± 1.53 | 0.97 † (0.381) |
21 | 88 (40.6) | 5.31 ± 1.24 | ||
≥22 | 76 (35.0) | 5.41 ± 1.06 | ||
Total | 217 (100.0) | 5.42 ± 1.26 | ||
Learning experience regarding anaphylaxis | Lecture | 182 (89.2) | 5.48 ± 1.28 | 5.38 (0.072) |
Practice | 0 (0.0) | - | ||
None | 22 (10.8) | 4.96 ± 1.33 | ||
Total | 204 (100.0) | 5.42 ± 1.29 | ||
Necessity of education | None | 7 (3.2) | 5.29 ± 0.76 | −0.28 (0.782) |
Yes | 212 (96.8) | 5.42 ± 1.27 | ||
Total | 219 (100.0) | 5.42 ± 1.25 | ||
College | College A | 56 (25.3) | 6.11 ± 1.12 | 14.12 † (<0.001) |
College B | 86 (38.9) | 5.06 ± 1.40 | ||
College C | 79 (35.8) | 5.24 ± 1.04 | ||
Total | 221 (100.0) | 5.39 ± 1.28 |
Questionnaire Item | Correct n (%) | Sub-Category (%) |
---|---|---|
Q1. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can occur:
| 111 (50.2) | Symptoms (33.0) |
Q2. An anaphylactic reaction can be as simple as developing a rashafter exposure to an allergen.
| 35 (15.8) | |
Q3. Anaphylaxis can occur from eating common foods such as milk, eggs, or shellfish.
| 210 (95.0) | Causes (64.6) |
Q4. Which of these are not likely to cause anaphylaxis:
| 11 (5.0) | |
Q5. If you had a mild allergic reaction to an allergen in the past, then you are not at risk for a life-threatening reaction in the future.
| 207 (93.7) | |
Q6. Epinephrine should be given early in symptoms of anaphylaxis.
| 189 (85.5) | Treatments (55.8) |
Q7. Epinephrine should be injected into the:
| 103 (46.6) | |
Q8. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are good substitutes for epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis.
| 53 (24.0) | |
Q9. Anaphylaxis always requires medical treatment.
| 192 (86.9) | |
Q10. If you are at risk for anaphylaxis, the best way to manage your condition is:
| 80 (36.2) | |
Total (51.5) |
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Share and Cite
Noh, Y.; Lee, I. A Mixed-Methods Approach-Based Study of Anaphylaxis Awareness and Educational Needs among Nursing Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179280
Noh Y, Lee I. A Mixed-Methods Approach-Based Study of Anaphylaxis Awareness and Educational Needs among Nursing Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):9280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179280
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoh, Yoongoo, and Insook Lee. 2021. "A Mixed-Methods Approach-Based Study of Anaphylaxis Awareness and Educational Needs among Nursing Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179280