The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Bases and Hypothesis
2.1. Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development
2.2. Mediating Effect of Health Condition
2.3. Mediating Effect of Learning Behavior
2.4. Serial Mediating Effect of Learning Behavior and Health Condition
2.5. Hypothesis of Current study
3. Methodology
3.1. Serial Mediation Model
3.2. Data Source
3.3. Variable Measures
3.3.1. Individual Development (Dependent Variable)
3.3.2. Energy Poverty (Independent Variable)
3.3.3. Learning Behavior and Health Condition (Moderating Variables)
3.3.4. Sociodemographic Characteristics (Covariates)
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis
4.2. Serial Mediating Effects Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Categories | Percentage | Mean | Standard Deviation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual development | Socioeconomic status has declined | (1) | 10.18 | 2.25 | 0.63 |
Socioeconomic status has not changed | (2) | 54.74 | |||
Socioeconomic status has risen | (3) | 35.08 | |||
Energy poverty | Not in energy poverty | (1) | 49.24 | 1.61 | 0.67 |
In mild energy poverty | (2) | 40.15 | |||
In severe energy poverty | (3) | 10.62 | |||
Learning behavior | Never | (1) | 46.61 | 1.90 | 1.05 |
Rarely | (2) | 28.27 | |||
Sometimes | (3) | 15.47 | |||
Often | (4) | 7.60 | |||
Frequently | (5) | 2.05 | |||
Health condition | Very unhealthy | (1) | 2.97 | 3.59 | 1.08 |
Unhealthy | (2) | 15.81 | |||
Normal | (3) | 21.97 | |||
Healthy | (4) | 37.96 | |||
Very healthy | (5) | 21.28 | |||
Gender | Male | (0) | 47.27 | 0.53 | 0.50 |
Female | (1) | 52.73 | |||
Educational level | Primary school and below | (1) | 39.49 | 2.11 | 1.18 |
Middle school | (2) | 29.84 | |||
High school | (3) | 17.39 | |||
Junior college | (4) | 7.16 | |||
Bachelor degree and above | (5) | 6.12 | |||
Marital status | Not having a spouse | (0) | 18.39 | 0.82 | 0.39 |
Having a spouse | (1) | 81.61 | |||
Region | Urban area | (0) | 53.21 | 0.47 | 0.50 |
Rural area | (1) | 46.79 | |||
Age | 56.90 | 16.09 | |||
Income | 66,932.08 | 250,613.51 |
Variables | Individual Development | Energy Poverty | Learning Behavior | Health Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual development | 1 | |||
Energy poverty | −0.053 * | 1 | ||
Learning behavior | 0.080 ** | −0.250 ** | 1 | |
Health condition | 0.123 ** | −0.201 ** | 0.236 ** | 1 |
Pathway | Effect | SE | 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LLCI | ULCI | |||
Direct effect | −0.0641 | 0.0226 | −0.1084 | −0.0199 |
Indirect effect | ||||
EP → Learning behavior → Individual development | −0.0047 | 0.0020 | −0.0091 | −0.0012 |
EP → Health condition → Individual development | −0.0128 | 0.0038 | −0.0209 | −0.0060 |
EP → Learning behavior → Health condition → Individual development | −0.0007 | 0.0003 | −0.0013 | −0.0002 |
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Xiao, Y.; Wu, H.; Wang, G.; Wang, S. The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168888
Xiao Y, Wu H, Wang G, Wang S. The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168888
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Yiming, Han Wu, Guohua Wang, and Shangrui Wang. 2021. "The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168888
APA StyleXiao, Y., Wu, H., Wang, G., & Wang, S. (2021). The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168888