Endometriosis—A Multifaceted Problem of a Modern Woman
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Sample
2.2. Questionnaires
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Group Characteristics
3.2. Quality of Life Assessment
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Group B | Group C | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Min–Max | M | Min–Max | |||
Age | 33.1 | 19.0–55.0 | 32.6 | 18.0–50.0 | 0.235 | |
N | % | N | % | p-Value | ||
Education | Primary | 5 | 1.13% | 3 | 0.71% | <0.001 * |
junior high school | 2 | 0.45% | 5 | 1.18% | ||
vocational | 4 | 0.91% | 16 | 3.80% | ||
secondary | 106 | 24.14% | 163 | 38.71% | ||
Higher | 322 | 73.34% | 234 | 55.58% | ||
Menstrual cycle | stopped by medication | 123 | 14.30% | 28 | 3.26% | <0.001 * |
Regular | 138 | 16.05% | 172 | 20.00% | ||
quite regular | 119 | 13.84% | 173 | 20.12% | ||
irregular | 53 | 6.16% | 47 | 5.47% | ||
I am bleeding all the time | 6 | 0.70% | 1 | 0.12% | ||
Occurrence of miscarriage | Yes | 70 | 13.49% | 65 | 12.52% | 0.249 |
No | 177 | 34.10% | 207 | 39.88% | ||
Multiple pregnancies | one child | 172 | 43.11% | 203 | 50.88% | 0.746 |
Twins | 9 | 2.26% | 14 | 3.51% | ||
triplets or more | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.25% | ||
Smoking cigarettes | Yes | 62 | 14.12% | 106 | 25.17% | <0.001 * |
No | 377 | 85.87% | 315 | 74.82% | ||
Drinking alcohol | does not drink | 92 | 10.71% | 71 | 8.27% | 0.017 * |
occasionally | 233 | 27.12% | 210 | 24.45% | ||
once a week | 76 | 8.85% | 75 | 8.73% | ||
once a month | 35 | 4.07% | 58 | 6.75% | ||
every day | 2 | 0.23% | 7 | 0.81% |
Variable (Age) | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18–25 years old | 20 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 0.046 * |
25–35 years old | 71 | 42 | 50 | 73 | |
35–45 years old | 40 | 23 | 25 | 62 | |
Above 45 years old | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Overall | 134 (30.5%) | 77 (17.5%) | 82 (18.7%) | 146 (33.3%) |
Variable | Group B | Group C | p-Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Min | Max | SD | M | Min | Max | SD | |||
HADS | Depression | 8.78 | 2.00 | 18.00 | 2.50 | 5.08 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 3.15 | <0.001 * |
Anxiety | 11.48 | 5.00 | 18.00 | 3.00 | 8.66 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 3.90 | <0.001 * | |
FSFI | Overall | 21.30 | 0.00 | 46.50 | 7.04 | 23.89 | 1.20 | 34.40 | 6.97 | <0.001 * |
Desire | 1.88 | 0.00 | 4.80 | 1.30 | 2.78 | 0.00 | 4.80 | 1.28 | <0.001 * | |
Excitement | 3.71 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.57 | 4.36 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.57 | <0.001 * | |
Lubrication | 4.08 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.69 | 4.83 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.66 | <0.001 * | |
Orgasm | 3.90 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.68 | 4.37 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.74 | <0.001 * | |
Satisfaction | 3.43 | 0.00 | 5.60 | 1.40 | 3.80 | 0.00 | 5.20 | 1.27 | <0.001 * | |
Pain | 3.51 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.56 | 2.21 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 1.30 | <0.001 * | |
IPAQ | 793.79 | 0.00 | 10,956.00 | 1123.05 | 834.02 | 0.00 | 14,680.00 | 1137.22 | 0.135 | |
Mini-COPE | Active coping | 1.89 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.83 | 2.05 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.74 | 0.012 * |
Planning | 1.84 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.86 | 1.89 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.77 | 0.606 | |
Positive reframing and development | 1.33 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.87 | 1.58 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.78 | <0.001 * | |
Acceptance | 1.59 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.82 | 1.70 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.75 | 0.069 | |
Turning to religion | 0.71 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.91 | 0.246 | |
Sense of humour | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.62 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.66 | 0.002 * | |
Seeking emotional support | 1.62 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.90 | 1.67 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.93 | 0.424 | |
Self-distraction | 1.56 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.84 | 1.62 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.80 | 0.382 | |
Seeking instrumental support | 1.55 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.88 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 1.03 | 0.049 * | |
Denial | 0.75 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.76 | 0.970 | |
Venting | 1.42 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.71 | 1.49 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.73 | 0.216 | |
Use of alcohol and psychoactive substances | 0.36 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.66 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.76 | 0.293 | |
Discontinuation of actions | 0.79 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.71 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.70 | 0.005 * | |
Self-blame | 1.33 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.87 | 1.38 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.93 | 0.541 |
Variable | Group B | Group C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | p-Value | R | p-Value | |||
HADS | Depression | FSFI-overall | −0.10971 | 0.021 * | −0.31206 | <0.001 * |
FSFI-desire | −0.1109 | 0.020 * | −0.3004 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–excitement | −0.1203 | 0.012 * | −0.2310 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–lubrication | −0.0381 | 0.427 | −0.2448 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–orgasm | −0.0812 | 0.090 | −0.2529 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–satisfaction | −0.1051 | 0.028 * | −0.2860 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI-pain | 0.0552 | 0.250 | 0.0839 | 0.086 | ||
IPAQ | −0.01737 | 0.717 | −0.14881 | 0.002 * | ||
Anxiety | FSFI-overall | −0.18758 | <0.001 * | −0.33007 | <0.001 * | |
FSFI-desire | −0.1346 | 0.005 * | −0.2522 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–excitement | −0.1203 | 0.012 * | −0.2806 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–lubrication | −0.1586 | 0.001 * | −0.2408 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–orgasm | −0.1451 | 0.002 * | −0.2915 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI–satisfaction | −0.2215 | <0.001 * | −0.3041 | <0.001 * | ||
FSFI-pain | 0.2046 | <0.001 * | 0.2542 | <0.001 * | ||
IPAQ | 0.07447 | 0.119 | −0.00489 | 0.920 | ||
IPAQ | FSFI-overall | −0.00926 | 0.847 | 0.02139 | 0.662 | |
FSFI-desire | 0.0572 | 0.233 | −0.0471 | 0.335 | ||
FSFI–excitement | −0.0497 | 0.300 | −0.0117 | 0.811 | ||
FSFI–lubrication | −0.0085 | 0.860 | −0.0061 | 0.901 | ||
FSFI–orgasm | −0.0585 | 0.222 | −0.0589 | 0.228 | ||
FSFI–satisfaction | −0.0034 | 0.944 | −0.0262 | 0.593 | ||
FSFI-pain | 0.0908 | 0.058 | −0.0065 | 0.894 | ||
HADS depression | −0.01737 | 0.717 | −0.14881 | 0.002 * | ||
HADS anxiety | 0.07447 | 0.119 | −0.00489 | 0.920 |
Variable | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | |||
IPAQ | HADS | Depression | 0.00902 | 0.918 | −0.02735 | 0.813 | 0.04737 | 0.672 | −0.07507 | 0.368 |
Anxiety | 0.00211 | 0.981 | 0.27574 | 0.015 * | 0.08742 | 0.435 | 0.03464 | 0.678 | ||
FSFI | 0.01889 | 0.828 | 0.07788 | 0.501 | −0.06894 | 0.538 | −0.04495 | 0.590 | ||
Mini-COPE | Active coping | 0.14862 | 0.087 | 0.03549 | 0.759 | 0.23342 | 0.035 * | 0.09011 | 0.279 | |
Planning | 0.06983 | 0.423 | 0.07719 | 0.505 | 0.32578 | 0.003 * | 0.16344 | 0.049 * | ||
Positive reframing and development | 0.00002 | 0.999 | 0.01418 | 0.903 | 0.19491 | 0.079 | 0.10674 | 0.199 | ||
Acceptance | 0.15535 | 0.073 | 0.06890 | 0.552 | 0.23033 | 0.037 * | 0.01722 | 0.837 | ||
Turning to religion | −0.00363 | 0.967 | 0.18934 | 0.099 | −0.00890 | 0.937 | 0.12492 | 0.133 | ||
Sense of humour | 0.05783 | 0.507 | 0.10948 | 0.343 | −0.05839 | 0.602 | −0.00235 | 0.978 | ||
Seeking emotional support | −0.04981 | 0.568 | 0.12528 | 0.278 | 0.08316 | 0.458 | −0.01202 | 0.885 | ||
Self-distraction | 0.07032 | 0.419 | 0.30425 | 0.007 * | 0.24565 | 0.026* | 0.21765 | 0.008 * | ||
Seeking instrumental support | −0.01219 | 0.889 | 0.15562 | 0.179 | 0.14545 | 0.195 | −0.05164 | 0.536 | ||
Denial | −0.12039 | 0.166 | 0.02912 | 0.801 | 0.02451 | 0.827 | 0.25349 | 0.002 * | ||
Venting | −0.01942 | 0.824 | −0.15412 | 0.181 | −0.10949 | 0.327 | 0.05590 | 0.503 | ||
Use of alcohol and psychoactive substances | −0.11449 | 0.188 | 0.24961 | 0.029 * | 0.01804 | 0.872 | −0.02620 | 0.754 | ||
Discontinuation of actions | 0.02184 | 0.802 | 0.09309 | 0.421 | 0.01248 | 0.911 | 0.12836 | 0.123 | ||
Self-blame | −0.09049 | 0.298 | 0.08668 | 0.454 | 0.10695 | 0.339 | 0.07351 | 0.378 |
Variable | Age | Education Level | Cigarette Smoking | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p-Value | 95% CI | β | p-Value | 95% CI | β | p-Value | 95% CI | ||||
HADS-depression | 0.047954 | 0.358 | −0.05451 | 0.150421 | −0.08742 | 0.094 | −0.18985 | 0.015016 | 0.040992 | 0.439 | −0.06304 | 0.145019 |
HADS-anxiety | −0.12881 | 0.014 * | −0.23178 | −0.02583 | −0.08084 | 0.123 | −0.18378 | 0.022105 | −0.05813 | 0.275 | −0.16267 | 0.046417 |
FSFI | −0.14992 | 0.001 * | −0.24384 | −0.05599 | −0.09718 | 0.043 * | −0.19108 | −0.00329 | −0.02813 | 0.562 | −0.12348 | 0.067228 |
IPAQ | 0.074198 | 0.117 | −0.01853 | 0.166922 | −0.1074 | 0.023 * | −0.20009 | −0.01471 | 0.063958 | 0.182 | −0.03018 | 0.158093 |
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Mińko, A.; Turoń-Skrzypińska, A.; Rył, A.; Bargiel, P.; Hilicka, Z.; Michalczyk, K.; Łukowska, P.; Rotter, I.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. Endometriosis—A Multifaceted Problem of a Modern Woman. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158177
Mińko A, Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Rył A, Bargiel P, Hilicka Z, Michalczyk K, Łukowska P, Rotter I, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Endometriosis—A Multifaceted Problem of a Modern Woman. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):8177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158177
Chicago/Turabian StyleMińko, Alicja, Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska, Aleksandra Rył, Patrycja Bargiel, Zuzanna Hilicka, Kaja Michalczyk, Paulina Łukowska, Iwona Rotter, and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska. 2021. "Endometriosis—A Multifaceted Problem of a Modern Woman" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158177
APA StyleMińko, A., Turoń-Skrzypińska, A., Rył, A., Bargiel, P., Hilicka, Z., Michalczyk, K., Łukowska, P., Rotter, I., & Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. (2021). Endometriosis—A Multifaceted Problem of a Modern Woman. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158177