Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Sample
2.2. Variables and Instrument
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis of Social Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Preliminary Analysis
3.3. Group Differences in Community Environment Perception on Depression
3.4. The Mediating Effect of Subjective Social Class
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Percentage | Variables | Percentage |
Age | Nature of Work | ||
Age (16–44) = 0 | 2024 (40.50%) | Agricultural work = 0 | 2004 (40.90%) |
Age (45–59) = 1 | 1561 (31.20%) | Non-agricultural work = 1 | 1863 (37.30%) |
Age (over 60) = 2 | 1412 (28.30%) | Jobless = 2 | 1090 (21.80%) |
Gender | Household Register | ||
Female = 0 | 2621(52.50%) | Rural = 0 | 3685 (73.70%) |
Male = 1 | 2376 (47.50%) | Urban = 1 | 1312 (26.30%) |
Marital Status | Health Condition | ||
Unmarried = 0 | 582 (11.60%) | Unhealthy = 0 | 1753 (35.10%) |
Married with spouse = 1 | 4021 (80.50%) | Healthy = 1 | 3244 (64.90%) |
Divorce or widowhood = 2 | 394 (7.90%) | ||
Education | |||
Primary-level (Illiteracy/Semi-illiterate/Primary) = 0 | 1413 (28.30%) | ||
Intermediate-level (Junior/Senior/Technical/Professional High School) = 1 | 2379 (47.60%) | ||
High-level (College/Undergraduate/Master/Doctor) = 2 | 1205 (24.10%) |
CEP | CPFP | CLEP | CPSP | CNRP | CNMP | CEA | SSC | D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community Environment Perception (CEP) | 1 | ||||||||
Community Public Facilities Perception (CPFP) | 0.641 ** | 1 | |||||||
Community Living Environment Perception (CLEP) | 0.684 ** | 0.465 ** | 1 | ||||||
Community Public Security Perception (CPSP) | 0.702 ** | 0.409 ** | 0.485 ** | 1 | |||||
Community Neighborhood Relationship Perception (CNRP) | 0.656 ** | 0.242 ** | 0.271 ** | 0.344 ** | 1 | ||||
Community Neighborhood Mutual-assistance Perception (CNMP) | 0.524 ** | 0.101 ** | 0.108 ** | 0.156 ** | 0.346 ** | 1 | |||
Community Emotional Attachment (CEA) | 0.602 ** | 0.168 ** | 0.202 ** | 0.238 ** | 0.356 ** | 0.370 ** | 1 | ||
Subjective Social Class (SSC) | 0.181 ** | 0.095 ** | 0.122 ** | 0.115 ** | 0.101 ** | 0.111 ** | 0.148 ** | 1 | |
Depression (D) | 0.216 ** | 0.110 ** | 0.106 ** | 0.144 ** | 0.164 ** | 0.161 ** | 0.148 ** | 0.107 ** | 1 |
M | 13.720 | 2.720 | 2.770 | 2.550 | 2.170 | 1.510 | 2.000 | 3.150 | 32.350 |
SD | 3.255 | 0.888 | 0.914 | 0.880 | 0.798 | 0.793 | 0.837 | 1.066 | 8.045 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 2621) | Male (n = 2376) | Rural (n = 3685) | Urban (n = 1312) | Age (16–44) (n = 2024) | Age (45–59) (n = 1561) | Age (Over 60) (n = 1412) | |
CEP | 0.479 *** (0.048) | 0.597 *** (0.048) | 0.561 *** (0.039) | 0.516 *** (0.066) | 0.611 *** (0.051) | 0.655 *** (0.060) | 0.515 *** (0.069) |
R2 | 0.036 | 0.062 | 0.052 | 0.045 | 0.067 | 0.071 | 0.038 |
F | 98.325 | 157.679 | 202.176 | 61.776 | 144.308 | 118.749 | 55.150 |
CPFP | 0.984 *** (0.187) | 1.034 *** (0.171) | 0.944 *** (0.149) | 1.024 *** (0.239) | 1.214 *** (0.194) | 1.418 *** (0.229) | 0.779 *** (0.246) |
R2 | 0.010 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.019 | 0.024 | 0.007 |
F | 27.698 | 36.590 | 40.278 | 18.284 | 39.213 | 38.376 | 10.040 |
CLEP | 0.797 *** (0.176) | 1.121 *** (0.171) | 0.962 *** (0.144) | 1.020 *** (0.233) | 0.916 *** (0.189) | 1.378 *** (0.218) | 0.814 *** (0.242) |
R2 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.025 | 0.008 |
F | 20.407 | 42.913 | 44.418 | 19.195 | 23.436 | 40.051 | 11.344 |
CPSP | 1.103 *** (0.182) | 1.543 *** (0.177) | 1.389 *** (0.148) | 1.047 *** (0.245) | 1.647 *** (0.182) | 1.738 *** (0.229) | 0.913 *** (0.267) |
R2 | 0.014 | 0.031 | 0.023 | 0.014 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.008 |
F | 36.864 | 75.629 | 87.687 | 18.307 | 81.757 | 57.858 | 11.700 |
CNRP | 1.567 *** (0.199) | 1.791 *** (0.196) | 1.736 *** (0.164) | 1.484 *** (0.263) | 1.594 *** (0.202) | 1.957 *** (0.253) | 1.757 *** (0.287) |
R2 | 0.023 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.030 | 0.037 | 0.026 |
F | 62.050 | 83.760 | 111.817 | 31.934 | 62.419 | 59.970 | 37.613 |
CNMP | 1.590 *** (0.195) | 1.598 *** (0.205) | 1.845 *** (0.166) | 1.360 *** (0.262) | 1.474 *** (0.204) | 1.776 *** (0.264) | 2.053 *** (0.279) |
R2 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.032 | 0.020 | 0.025 | 0.028 | 0.037 |
F | 66.810 | 60.648 | 123.307 | 26.903 | 52.093 | 45.325 | 54.216 |
CEA | 1.215 *** (0.193) | 1.606 *** (0.185) | 1.632 *** (0.157) | 1.406 *** (0.258) | 1.641 *** (0.191) | 1.700 *** (0.246) | 1.352 *** (0.276) |
R2 | 0.015 | 0.031 | 0.029 | 0.022 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.017 |
F | 39.685 | 75.444 | 108.666 | 29.641 | 73.714 | 47.740 | 23.987 |
Regression Equation | Model Fit Index | Significance of Regression Coefficient | BC 95% CI | DE (IE) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DV | IV | R2 | F | β | SE | t | LLCI | ULCI | |
Depression | CEP | 0.168 | 115.699 | 0.532 | 0.036 | 14.880 *** | 0.462 | 0.602 | 94.55% (5.45%) |
SSC | CEP | 0.058 | 34.452 | 0.048 | 0.005 | 9.668 *** | 0.038 | 0.058 | |
Depression | CEP | 0.174 | 107.507 | 0.503 | 0.036 | 13.871 *** | 0.432 | 0.574 | |
SSC | 0.609 | 0.109 | 5.573 *** | 0.395 | 0.823 | ||||
Depression | CPFP | 0.134 | 88.690 | 0.931 | 0.133 | 7.017 *** | 0.671 | 1.191 | 92.91% (7.09%) |
SSC | CPFP | 0.043 | 25.863 | 0.085 | 0.018 | 4.726 *** | 0.050 | 0.120 | |
Depression | CPFP | 0.144 | 55.492 | 0.865 | 0.132 | 6.560 *** | 0.606 | 1.123 | |
SSC | 0.778 | 0.110 | 7.050 *** | 0.562 | 0.995 | ||||
Depression | CLEP | 0.135 | 56.101 | 0.929 | 0.129 | 7.187 *** | 0.676 | 1.183 | 90.85% (9.15%) |
SSC | CLEP | 0.047 | 27.647 | 0.112 | 0.017 | 6.466 *** | 0.078 | 0.146 | |
Depression | CLEP | 0.144 | 55.488 | 0.844 | 0.129 | 6.540 *** | 0.591 | 1.097 | |
SSC | 0.759 | 0.111 | 6.825 *** | 0.541 | 0.977 | ||||
Depression | CPSP | 0.141 | 95071 | 1.215 | 0.133 | 9.133 *** | 0.954 | 1.476 | 93.33% (6.67%) |
SSC | CPSP | 0.046 | 27.585 | 0.109 | 0.018 | 5.967 *** | 0.073 | 0.145 | |
Depression | CPSP | 0.150 | 90.296 | 1.134 | 0.133 | 8.555 *** | 0.874 | 1.394 | |
SSC | 0.745 | 0.110 | 6.799 *** | 0.530 | 0.959 | ||||
Depression | CNRP | 0.146 | 101.816 | 1.531 | 0.143 | 10.715 *** | 1.250 | 1.811 | 94.71% (5.29%) |
SSC | CNRP | 0.044 | 26.786 | 0.108 | 0.020 | 5.492 *** | 0.070 | 0.147 | |
Depression | CNRP | 0.156 | 97.876 | 1.450 | 0.144 | 10.084 *** | 1.168 | 1.732 | |
SSC | 0.740 | 0.110 | 6.710 *** | 0.524 | 0.956 | ||||
Depression | CNMP | 0.147 | 97.405 | 1.563 | 0.149 | 10.477 *** | 1.270 | 1.855 | 94.50% (5.50%) |
SSC | CNMP | 0.045 | 27.487 | 0.117 | 0.022 | 5.293 *** | 0.074 | 0.160 | |
Depression | CNMP | 0.156 | 93.087 | 1.477 | 0.149 | 9.891 *** | 1.184 | 1.770 | |
SSC | 0.733 | 0.109 | 6.713 *** | 0.519 | 0.947 | ||||
Depression | CEA | 0.148 | 55.208 | 1.540 | 0.139 | 11.047 *** | 1.266 | 1.813 | 93.18% (6.82%) |
SSC | CEA | 0.051 | 31.880 | 0.150 | 0.019 | 8.054 *** | 0.114 | 0.187 | |
Depression | CEA | 0.157 | 94.024 | 1.435 | 0.140 | 10.260 *** | 1.161 | 1.709 | |
SSC | 0.697 | 0.110 | 6.353 *** | 0.482 | 0.912 |
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Zhang, L.; Wu, L. Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158083
Zhang L, Wu L. Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):8083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158083
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Liqin, and Lin Wu. 2021. "Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158083