Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Population
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Study Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Before Confinement | During Confinement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female % (n) | Male % (n) | Female % (n) | Male % (n) | ||
Frequency of consumption | Never | 2.67 (29) | 1.99 (25) | 20.72 (225) | 16.04 (202) |
Once or twice per month | 21.82 (237) | 16.04 (202) | 22.47 (244) | 19.14 (241) | |
2–4 times per month | 45.76 (497) | 36.93 (465) | 25.04 (272) | 22.95 (289) | |
2–3 times per week | 23.39 (254) | 28.83 (363) | 18.69 (203) | 20.33 (256) | |
4 or more times per week | 7.09 (77) | 15.57 (196) | 13.81 (150) | 20.89 (263) | |
Average daily consumption | 1 or 2 | 82.50 (896) | 77.84 (980) | 93.64 (1017) | 87.85 (1106) |
3 or 4 | 14.18 (154) | 15.57 (196) | 5.52 (60) | 8.74 (110) | |
5 or 6 | 3.22 (35) | 4.37 (55) | 1.29 (14) | 2.38 (30) | |
Between 7 and 9 | 0.83 (9) | 1.59 (20) | 0.27 (3) | 0.40 (5) | |
10 or more | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Intensive consumption | Never | 64.4 (704) | 52.7 (659) | 86.8 (949) | 80.9 (1012) |
Less than once a month | 23.3 (255) | 29.5 (370) | 8.3 (91) | 11.8 (147) | |
Monthly | 8.1 (88) | 11.2 (140) | 1.8 (19) | 4.1 (52) | |
Weekly | 3.8 (42) | 6.0 (75) | 2.3 (26) | 2.1 (27) | |
Daily or almost every day | 0.4 (4) | 0.5 (7) | 0.8 (9) | 1.1 (13) | |
Average SDUs 1 per day | 1 or 2 | 89.1 (975) | 86 (1075) | 93.2 (1020) | 89.3 (1117) |
3 or 4 | 8.3 (91) | 10.6 (132) | 5.3 (58) | 7.8 (97) | |
5 or 6 | 1.8 (19) | 2.4 (30) | 0.9 (10) | 2 (25) | |
Between 7 and 9 | 0.6 (6) | 0.7 (8) | 0.4 (4) | 0.4 (5) | |
10 or more | 0.2 (2) | 0.4 (5) | 0.1 (1) | 0.5 (7) |
Before Confinement M (SD 1) | During Confinement M (SD 1) | t | p | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of consumption | Female | 2.10 (0.908) | 1.82 (1.323) | 8.801 | 0.001 | −0.351 |
Male | 2.40 (0.999) | 2.11 (1.369) | 9.797 | 0.001 | −0.343 | |
Average daily consumption | Female | 0.23 (0.536) | 0.09 (0.347) | 9.166 | 0.001 | −0.242 |
Male | 0.29 (0.626) | 0.15 (0.446) | 8.459 | 0.001 | −0.205 | |
Frequency of intensive consumption | Female | 0.53 (0.830) | 0.22 (0.665) | 12.875 | 0.001 | −0.362 |
Male | 0.72 (0.923) | 0.31 (0.744) | 17.250 | 0.001 | −0.443 | |
Average SDUs 2 per day | Female | 0.14 (0.466) | 0.09 (0.372) | 4.126 | 0.001 | 1.565 |
Male | 0.19 (0.539) | 0.15 (0.507) | 2.638 | 0.008 | −0.075 |
n | Before Confinement % (n) | During Confinement % (n) | X2MN 1 | p | Phi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 1094 | 29.4 (322) | 19.1 (209) | 54.568 | 0.001 | 0.443 |
Male | 1251 | 22.9 (286) | 11.5 (144) | 92.113 | 0.001 | 0.424 |
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Villanueva-Blasco, V.J.; Villanueva Silvestre, V.; Isorna, M.; Motos, P.; Blay, P.; Vázquez-Martínez, A. Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158028
Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva Silvestre V, Isorna M, Motos P, Blay P, Vázquez-Martínez A. Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):8028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158028
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillanueva-Blasco, Víctor J., Verónica Villanueva Silvestre, Manuel Isorna, Patricia Motos, Pere Blay, and Andrea Vázquez-Martínez. 2021. "Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158028
APA StyleVillanueva-Blasco, V. J., Villanueva Silvestre, V., Isorna, M., Motos, P., Blay, P., & Vázquez-Martínez, A. (2021). Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158028