Outdoor Recreation for Older Adults in Scotland: Qualitatively Exploring the Multiplicity of Constraints to Participation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Participants and Recruitment Process
2.3. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Individual Constraints
3.2. Multiple Co-Occurring Constraints
3.2.1. Vignette 1 (Jenny)
Interviewer: | Would you ever choose to…go for a walk around a park or... | |
Jenny: | Yes, well...sometimes...you know, I live near [large local] Park, and my neighbour and I have had a walk when the summer nights... Not so much this year because her husband’s been ill... But ehm, we used to do that last year in the evening—have a...walk around the park and home again...but she was very slow because she’s...she’s had two knee replacements, so [little laugh] | |
Interviewer: | Right | |
Jenny: | I mean it was more....it wasn’t really...I would say exercise as such, you know, when you’re walking fast to try and.eh, keep your heart beat up and that. But…I used to do that. But as I say, this year her husband’s been ill and she hasn’t been able to do it... | |
Interviewer: | So, would that be something that you would only kind of do if you had company, like say your neighbour... | |
Jenny: | Yes | |
Interviewer: | or would you go yourself? | |
Jenny: | I don’t think I would go myself...eh, through the park... | |
Interviewer: | Why would that be? | |
Jenny: | I don’t know...You hear folk, you know...I wouldn’t do it at night certainly...You know, if it was light during the day I probably would, but it’s getting the time—[laughing] I’ve got other things on during the day! | |
Interviewer: | Would you feel safe if you went on your own during the day do you think? | |
Jenny: | Probably yes… | |
Interviewer: | Yeah. So, it’s not that you’re...necessarily put off of going... | |
Jenny: | No | |
Interviewer: | you’ve just... | |
Jenny: | It’s just getting...fitting in with all the other things I try to do! [laughing] |
3.2.2. Vignette 2 (George)
3.2.3. Vignette 3 (Betty)
4. Discussion
4.1. Intrapersonal Level
4.2. Interpersonal Level
4.3. Structural Level
4.4. Multiple and Inter-Connected Constraints to Outdoor Recreation
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case Study Area | Case Study Type | Number of Participants |
---|---|---|
1 | City | 9 |
2 | Rural town | 11 |
3 | Coastal town | 7 |
Constraint | HLCM Level | Examples Given in the Interviews |
---|---|---|
Health and Mobility | Intrapersonal |
“I’ve got a bad heart, and I’ve got a bad leg as well, but I’ve got a bad heart—I’ve got a defibrillator...” (Urban, male, 81)
“I do get discomfort at times, but sometimes it’s...it could be in my bed, just the way I turn or... eh... I don’t know what, you know, causes it, but it’s not just my ankle, it’s maybe up the back of my leg... I think the tendons have a lot to do with it—you know, things like that. But on the whole, I’m fine, and I’m able to get out and about, so that’s the main thing” (Urban, female, 73)
|
Fragility and Vulnerability | Intrapersonal |
“I’m very cautious because I did fall in the woods years ago and...and I broke my arm so...I do...look where I’m going!” (Rural, female, 68)
|
Lack of motivation and constraining attitudes | Intrapersonal |
“I’m lazy! Yeah he’s [the dog] my incentive but I’m lazy and I know I’m lazy … [later in the interview]…I need a reason and the reason I go for walks is because my doggie needs out for a walk! If he did’nae [didn’t] need out for a walk I would’nae [wouldn’t] be going out for a walk! But I’m honest about it, you get these people that say oh no I would do that anyway and I’m thinking I would’nae do nothing if I got away [with it]” (Urban, female, 76) |
Safety concerns | Interpersonal |
|
Social constraints | Interpersonal |
|
Health and Mobility | Intrapersonal |
|
Time commitments | Structural |
“Today I’ve been for coffee, collected my grandson from the school, had lunch with him, took him back, come here, and then I’ve got country dancing after tea!” (Coastal, female, 77) |
Access to outdoor spaces | Structural |
|
Weather and Daylight | Structural |
|
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Currie, M.; Colley, K.; Irvine, K.N. Outdoor Recreation for Older Adults in Scotland: Qualitatively Exploring the Multiplicity of Constraints to Participation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147705
Currie M, Colley K, Irvine KN. Outdoor Recreation for Older Adults in Scotland: Qualitatively Exploring the Multiplicity of Constraints to Participation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14):7705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147705
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurrie, Margaret, Kathryn Colley, and Katherine N. Irvine. 2021. "Outdoor Recreation for Older Adults in Scotland: Qualitatively Exploring the Multiplicity of Constraints to Participation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147705