Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Procedures
- -
- Comprehension on an ordinal scale using a three-point scale: (1) clear and understandable, (2) difficult to understand, and (3) incomprehensible.
- -
- Evaluation of comprehension on a numerical scale using a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being very easy to understand and 10 very difficult to understand.
- -
- Inquiry and paraphrase where the interviewees expressed with their words the perceived meaning of the items of the questionnaire.
2.3. Participants
2.4. Instruments and Measurement
- -
- Sociodemographic questionnaire: In which personal data such as date of birth, sex, number of members of the family unit, income level, studies carried out, occupation, if the patient receives non-pharmacological therapy, in addition to the year of initiation and diagnosis were collected, as well as symptoms, trigger points, current pain scale, and lastly weight and height.
- -
- Europaliq: This questionnaire is made up of five items. The first one refers to the number of cigarettes he smokes, with five possible answers. The second to the frequency of alcoholic beverages, with seven possible answers. The third to the number of meals made per day, with four possible answers. The fourth to the hours of physical exercise with eight factors. Lastly, the fifth item composed of six factors referring to the distance walked daily.
- -
- Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) [29]. The questionnaire is made up of 10 items. The first item with 10 factors valued from 0 to 3 with 0 = always and 3 = never. The second and third items are valued on a scale from 0 to 7, with the number of days a week and all the remaining items being valued on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being the least discomfort and 10 being the maximum discomfort. Participants completed the Spanish version (Spearman correlation = 0.76; p < 0.001).
- -
- Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire (FKQ): Questionnaire validated by Suda, Jennings, Bueno, and Natour [20]. This questionnaire on knowledge about FM consists of 18 items divided into 4 domains (general knowledge about the disease; knowledge about treatment, medication, and possible side effects; knowledge about physical activity; and knowledge about day-to-day activities in relation to energy used or how best to save energy), on how much the subject knows about FM and how it can affect her life. For each item, one or more answers can be chosen. The total score of the questionnaire reached 26 points, where the higher score corresponds to higher knowledge (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.69).
2.5. Stadistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phase 1
3.2. Phase 2
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | INFLESZ Score | |
---|---|---|
Spanish Version | Original Version | |
1 | 59.67 | 63.96 |
2 | 66.85 | 49.48 |
3 | 91.07 | 69.83 |
4 | 51.18 | 56.92 |
5 | 67.75 | 66.26 |
6 | 25.18 | 31.00 |
7 | 48.36 | 57.70 |
8 | 38.05 | 40.89 |
9 | 70.84 | 68.41 |
10 | 46.54 | 59.22 |
11 | 67.39 | 68.47 |
12 | 54.52 | 67.56 |
13 | 47.08 | 46.13 |
14 | 84.42 | 73.79 |
15 | 74.40 | 68.89 |
16 | 83.55 | 79.17 |
17 | 71.04 | 72.43 |
18 | 59.53 | 55.00 |
Total | 63.92 | 63.45 |
N | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 47 | 54.48 (12.56) |
Weight (Kg) | 43 | 73.86 (18.19) |
Height (Cm) | 45 | 157.28 (12.79) |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 41 | 48.38 (24.38) |
Years of accurate diagnosis (years) | 43 | 9.11 (6.51) |
Years of appearance of the first symptoms (years) | 44 | 17.95 (10.29) |
Number of members of the family unit | 49 | 3.02 (1.31) |
Family unit income (Euros) | 40 | 1018.62 (464.05) |
Income/members (Euros) | 40 | 401.62 (220.21) |
Number of trigger points | 37 | 16.59 (2.11) |
Visual analogue scale of perceived pain intensity * | 48 | 74.33 (21.57) |
N = 49 | |
---|---|
Level of Studies | N (%) |
No studies, but can read and write | 14 (28.6) |
Primary studies or school graduate | 25 (51) |
Vocational or secondary training | 8 (16.3) |
First and second cycle or degree | 1 (2) |
Other | 1 (2) |
Employment Situation | N (%) |
Self-employed | 1 (2) |
Works for someone else | 1 (2) |
Official | 2 (4.1)) |
Unemployed | 12 (24.5) |
Retired | 9 (18.4) |
Housewife | 23 (46.9) |
Student | 1 (2) |
How many cigarettes, cigars, or pipes do you smoke daily? | N (%) |
From 15 to 24 | 4 (8.2) |
From 5 to 14 | 9 (18.4) |
From 1 to 4 | 5 (10.2) |
Don’t smoke | 30 (61.2) |
Lost | 1(2) |
How often do you drink alcoholic beverages over two bottles of beer or two glasses of liquor? | N (%) |
Daily | 2 (4.1) |
2 or more times a week | 1 (2) |
Once a week | 3 (6.1) |
2 or 3 times a month | 4 (8.2) |
Less than once a month | 5 (10.2) |
I never take more than the amount indicated | 2 (4.1) |
I never drink alcoholic beverages | 30 (61.2) |
How many hot meals do you eat a day? | N (%) |
From time to time I take some | 3 (6.1) |
At least one every day | 30 (61.2) |
At least two every day | 16 (32.7) |
How many hours a week do you dedicate to physical exercise? | N (%) |
None | 5 (10.2) |
Less than 1 h | 10 (20.4) |
Between 1 and 2 h | 12 (24.5) |
Between 3 and 4 h | 12 (24.5) |
Between 5 and 8 h | 7 (14.3) |
Between 9 and 14 h | 2 (4.1) |
Between 15 and 21 h | 1 (2) |
Approximately, indicate the distance you walk daily | N (%) |
I don’t walk/very little | 13 (26.5) |
Less than a km | 3 (6.1) |
Between 1 and 2 km | 20 (4.8) |
Between 3 and 5 km | 11 (22.4) |
Between 6 and 9 km | 1 (2) |
More than 9 km | 1 (2) |
Item | Question | (%) |
---|---|---|
1 | Please check two correct choices about the cause of fibromyalgia: | 22.44 |
2 | What are the main symptoms of fibromyalgia? Check two correct options: | 59.18 |
3 | In addition to the symptoms mentioned in the previous question, choose another (just one) that can occur in fibromyalgia: | 91.83 |
4 | What is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of fibromyalgia? Check two correct options: | 2.04 |
5 | Over time, what can happen to the patient due to fibromyalgia? Check two correct options: | 55.10 |
6 | Indicate a correct option about the most indicated medications in the treatment of fibromyalgia: | 77.55 |
7 | Choose a correct option in terms of prescription drugs for the treatment of fibromyalgia: | 40.81 |
8 | What are the best fibromyalgia treatment combinations? Check two correct options: | 24.48 |
9 | What are the most common side effects that the medications used in fibromyalgia can cause? Check two correct options: | 36.73 |
10 | Check one correct option for physical activity in fibromyalgia treatment: | 65.30 |
11 | What is the importance of exercises for those who have fibromyalgia? Check one correct option: | 42.85 |
12 | What is the best way for a fibromyalgia patient to exercise? Check one correct option: | 85.71 |
13 | Choose the two best methods that can be used in the rehabilitation of the fibromyalgia patient: | 57.14 |
14 | What is the best way to conserve your energy? Choose one correct option: | 85.71 |
15 | What are the other good ways to keep your vitality? Check two correct options: | 81.63 |
16 | What is the best way to protect the joints? Check one correct option: | 69.38 |
17 | Please mark one correct option as to the best form of joint protection: | 6.12 |
18 | Please mark one correct option about fibromyalgia: | 81.63 |
FKQT | FKQG | FKQM | FKQAF | FKQE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IR) | 17(5) | 6(3) | 3(1) | 4(1.5) | 4(1) |
Hit percentage | 65.3% | 66.6% | 50% | 80% | 66.6% |
FKQT | FKQG | FKQM | FKQAF | FKQE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Spanish | 16.48(3.64) | 5.59(1.56) | 3.36(1.21) | 3.30(1.51) | 4.22(0.82) |
Original [20] | 15.20(4.20) | 6.20(2.10) | 2.80(1.36) | 3.40(1.14) | 2.80(1.10) |
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Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Rodal, M.; García-Gordillo, M.Á.; Acevedo-Duque, Á.; García-Matador, J.; Calzada-Rodríguez, J.I.; Morenas-Martín, J. Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147678
Mendoza-Muñoz M, Rodal M, García-Gordillo MÁ, Acevedo-Duque Á, García-Matador J, Calzada-Rodríguez JI, Morenas-Martín J. Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14):7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147678
Chicago/Turabian StyleMendoza-Muñoz, María, Miguel Rodal, Miguel Ángel García-Gordillo, Ángel Acevedo-Duque, Judith García-Matador, José Ignacio Calzada-Rodríguez, and Jesús Morenas-Martín. 2021. "Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147678