Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants and Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Demographics
2.3.2. Gambling
2.3.3. Alcohol
2.3.4. Sleep
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample
3.2. Relationships between Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Data Collection Period | Mean Interview Length (mins) | Number of Participants | Response Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 6 July–14 Aug | 33 | 1318 | 33 |
2016 | 13 June–2 Aug | 42 | 1217 | 26 |
2017 | 2–29 Nov | 25 | 1225 | 35 |
Characteristic | 2015 | 2016 | 2016/2 |
---|---|---|---|
Gender Male Female | 602 (45.7) 716 (54.3) | 603 (49.5) 614 (50.5) | 584 (47.7) 641 (52.3) |
Age, years 18–34 35–44 45–54 55+ | 255 (19.3) 186 (14.1) 219 (16.6) 645 (48.9) | 239 (19.6) 174 (14.3) 194 (15.9) 600 (49.3) | 217 (17.7) 156 (12.7) 204 (16.7) 640 (52.2) |
Marital status Married/de facto Separated/divorced Widowed Single | 877 (66.5) 103 (7.8) 81 (6.1) 245 (18.6) | 795 (65.3) 122 (10.0) 68 (5.6) 225 (18.5) | 801 (65.4) 115 (9.4) 70 (5.7) 232 (18.9) |
Country of birth Australia Other | 989 (75.0) 326 (25.0) | 878 (72.1) 339 (27.9) | 898 (73.3) 327 (26.7) |
Highest level of education (complete or incomplete) Primary schooling or below Secondary/high school Technical studies or further education University or other higher education | 26 (1.9) 410 (31.1) 292 (22.2) 583 (44.2) | 22 (1.9) 342 (28.1) 294 (24.2) 556 (45.7) | 23 (1.9) 360 (29.4) 277 (22.6) 560 (45.7) |
Employment status Employed full-time Employed part-time/casual Unemployed Retired/pensioner Student Home duties | 496 (37.6) 276 (21.0) 61 (4.6) 384 (29.2) 35 (2.7) 57 (4.3) | 467 (38.4) 289 (23.7) 45 (3.7) 347 (28.5) 25 (2.1) 38 (3.1) | 462 (37.7) 262 (21.4) 48 (3.9) 372 (30.4) 28 (2.3) 40 (3.3) |
State or territory residing Australian Capital Territory (ACT) New South Wales (NSW) Northern Territory (NT) Queensland (QLD) South Australia (SA) Tasmania (TAS) Victoria (VIC) Western Australia (WA) | 33 (2.5) 380 (28.8) 28 (2.1) 271 (20.6) 89 (6.8) 35 (2.7) 347 (26.3) 131 (9.9) | 30 (2.5) 390 (32.0) 10 (0.8) 267 (21.9) 77 (6.3) 18 (1.5) 319 (26.2) 106 (8.7) | 20 (1.6) 369 (30.1) 13 (1.1) 267 (21.8) 95 (7.8) 26 (2.1) 318 (26.0) 116 (9.5) |
Insomnia | Sleep Quality | AUDIT-C | CSPG | Lie/Bet | Dataset | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insomnia | ||||||
Sleep quality | 0.33 * - - | 2015 | ||||
AUDIT-C | 0.06 - - | 0.00 0.00 0.05 | 2015 2016/1 2016/2 | |||
CSPG | 0.08 - - | −0.09 −0.01 0.04 | 0.15 * 0.14 ** 0.18 ** | 2015 2016/1 2016/2 | ||
Lie/Bet | 0.21 ** - - | 0.01 0.06 * 0.10 ** | 0.17 ** 0.11 ** 0.08 ** | 0.22 ** 0.42 ** 0.34 ** | 2015 2016/1 2016/2 |
Insomnia (2015) | Sleep Quality (2015) | Sleep Quality (2016/1) | Sleep Quality (2016/2) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B | SEB | β | B | SEB | β | B | SEB | β | B | SEB | β |
Gender (female) | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 2.29 | 1.32 | 0.12 | 1.76 | 0.64 | 0.09 ** | 1.73 | 0.61 | 0.08 ** |
Age | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | −0.05 | 0.04 | −0.9 | −0.09 | 0.02 | −0.16 ** | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.22 ** |
Married/ de-facto | −0.03 | 0.07 | −0.03 | −0.02 | 0.69 | 0 | −0.37 | 0.33 | −0.04 | −0.07 | 0.31 | −0.01 |
AUDIT-C score | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.16 * | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.14 | −0.02 |
CSPG score | 0 | 0.03 | 0.01 | −0.26 | 0.28 | −0.7 | −0.24 | 0.26 | −0.03 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
Lie/Bet score | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.19 ** | 0.97 | 1.26 | 0.05 | 3.74 | 1.51 | 0.09 * | 2.29 | 1.37 | 0.05 |
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Thorne, H.B.; Rockloff, M.J.; Ferguson, S.A.; Vincent, G.E.; Browne, M. Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136683
Thorne HB, Rockloff MJ, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Browne M. Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):6683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136683
Chicago/Turabian StyleThorne, Hannah Briony, Matthew Justus Rockloff, Sally Anne Ferguson, Grace Elizabeth Vincent, and Matthew Browne. 2021. "Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136683