Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women of Northeast Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
Participants and Procedures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
60–69 years old | 60 | 56.6 |
70–79 years old | 40 | 37.7 |
80 years old and over | 6 | 5.7 |
Body Mass Index | ||
Underweight (up to 18.5) | 2 | 1.9 |
Eutrophic (18.5–24.9) | 34 | 32.1 |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 40 | 37.7 |
Obese (30.0 or more) | 30 | 28.3 |
Ethnicity/Race | ||
While | 56 | 52.8 |
Parda | 40 | 37.7 |
Black | 10 | 5.9 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 17 | 16.0 |
Married/Living with partner | 42 | 39.6 |
Divorced | 16 | 15.1 |
Widow | 31 | 29.2 |
Education level | ||
Illiterate | 4 | 3.8 |
Incomplete fundamental level | 19 | 17.9 |
Complete fundamental level | 18 | 17.0 |
Incomplete secondary level | 13 | 12.3 |
Complete secondary level | 34 | 32.1 |
Complete graduate level | 18 | 17.0 |
Income | ||
1–2 minimum wages | 58 | 54.7 |
3–4 minimum wages | 27 | 25.5 |
>4 minimum wages | 14 | 13.2 |
Not informed | 7 | 6.6 |
Access to health services | ||
Public | 48 | 45.3 |
Private | 56 | 52.8 |
No answer | 2 | 1.9 |
Consumption of tobacco | ||
Yes | 8 | 7.5 |
No | 98 | 92.5 |
Consumption of alcohol | ||
Yes | 21 | 19.8 |
No | 85 | 80.2 |
Constipation | ||
Yes | 39 | 36.8 |
No | 67 | 63.2 |
Number of pregnancies | ||
Up to 1 | 19 | 17.9 |
2 or more | 87 | 82.1 |
Number of births | ||
Up to 1 | 22 | 20.8 |
2 or more | 84 | 79.2 |
Mode of delivery | ||
Vaginal delivery | 49 | 46.2 |
Cesarean delivery | 17 | 16.0 |
Both (vaginal and cesarean delivery) | 28 | 26.4 |
Comorbidities | ||
Diabetes | 19 | 17.9 |
Hypertension | 37 | 34.9 |
Arthritis/Arthrosis | 36 | 34.0 |
Others | 1 | 0.9 |
None | 13 | 12.3 |
Multimorbidity | ||
2 or more chronic diseases | 53 | 50.0 |
1 chronic disease | 40 | 37.7 |
None | 13 | 12.3 |
Medication | ||
Yes | 90 | 84.9 |
Noo | 16 | 15.1 |
Restful sleep | ||
Little | 31 | 29.2 |
Moderate | 33 | 31.1 |
Complete | 42 | 39.6 |
Dizziness and loss of balance during ADL | ||
Yes | 42 | 39.6 |
No | 64 | 60.4 |
Falls due to dizziness or loss of balance during ADL | ||
Yes | 16 | 15.1 |
No | 90 | 84.9 |
Urinary Incontinence | ||
Yes | 58 | 54.7 |
No | 48 | 45.3 |
Type of Urinary Incontinence | ||
Stress UI | 43 | 40.6 |
Urge UI | 11 | 10.4 |
Mixed UI | 4 | 3.8 |
No IU | 48 | 45.3 |
Waking up frequently during the night | ||
Yes | 67 | 63.2 |
No | 39 | 36.8 |
Reason for waking up during the night | ||
None | 32 | 30.2 |
Change sleep position | 3 | 2.8 |
Use bathroom | 58 | 54.7 |
Noise | 2 | 1.9 |
Other | 10 | 9.4 |
No answer | 1 | 0.9 |
ICIQ-SF | ||
Slight impact (1 to 5 points) | 23 | 21.7 |
Moderate impact (6 to 12 points) | 29 | 27.4 |
Severe impact (13 to 18 points) | 6 | 5.7 |
Very severe impact (19 to 21 points) | 0 | 0.0 |
Urinary Incontinence | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | Absent | p | PR | CI (95%) | |||
n | % | n | % | ||||
Age | |||||||
80 or more | 4 | 66.6 | 2 | 33.3 | 0.479 | 1.14 | 0.55–1.20 |
70–79 years old | 19 | 47.5 | 21 | 52.5 | 0.81 | 0.62–2.09 | |
60–69 years old | 35 | 58.3 | 25 | 41.6 | 1 | ||
Ethnicity/Race | |||||||
Other | 32 | 64.0 | 18 | 36.0 | 0.073 | 1.37 | 0.96–1.95 |
White | 26 | 46.4 | 30 | 53.6 | 1 | ||
Marital status | |||||||
Other | 35 | 54.7 | 29 | 45.3 | 0.994 | 0.99 | 0.69–1.42 |
Married | 23 | 54.8 | 19 | 45.2 | 1 | ||
Education level | |||||||
Iliterate/primary | 28 | 68.3 | 13 | 31.7 | 0.023 * | 1.47 | 1.05–2.07 |
Secondary/Graduate studies | 30 | 46.2 | 35 | 53.8 | 1 | ||
Access to health services | |||||||
Public | 31 | 62.0 | 19 | 38.0 | 0.158 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.82 |
Private | 27 | 48.2 | 29 | 51.8 | 1 | ||
BMI | |||||||
Overweight/Obese | 37 | 52.9 | 33 | 47.1 | 0.587 | 0.90 | 0.63–1.29 |
Underweight/eutrophic | 21 | 58.3 | 15 | 41.7 | 1 | ||
Number of pregnancies | |||||||
2 or more | 51 | 58.6 | 36 | 41.4 | 0.237 | 2.05 | 0.62–6.75 |
Up to 1 | 2 | 28.6 | 5 | 71.4 | 1 | ||
Number of births | |||||||
2 or more | 49 | 58.3 | 35 | 41.7 | 0.346 | 1.45 | 0.66–3.19 |
Up to 1 | 4 | 40.0 | 6 | 60.0 | 1 | ||
Mode of delivery | |||||||
vaginal delivery | 28 | 57.1 | 21 | 42.9 | 0.142 | 0.97 | 0.60–1.55 |
both (vaginal and cesarean delivery) | 15 | 53.6 | 13 | 46.4 | 0.91 | 0.52–1.54 | |
cesarean delivery | 10 | 58.8 | 7 | 41.2 | 1 | 0.39–0.87 | |
Multimorbidity | |||||||
1 or more chronic diseases | 53 | 57.0 | 40 | 43.0 | 0.280 | 1.48 | 0.72–3.02 |
No chronic diseases | 5 | 38.5 | 8 | 61.5 | 1 | ||
Medications | |||||||
Yes | 46 | 51.1 | 44 | 48.9 | 0.031 * | 0.68 | 0.48–0.96 |
No | 12 | 75.0 | 4 | 25.0 | 1 | ||
Constipation | |||||||
Yes | 22 | 56.4 | 17 | 43.6 | 0.789 | 1.04 | 0.73–1.49 |
No | 36 | 53.7 | 31 | 46.3 | 1 | ||
Consumption of tobacco | |||||||
Yes/ex-smoker | 5 | 33.3 | 10 | 66.7 | 0.139 | 0.57 | 0.27–1.19 |
No | 53 | 58.2 | 38 | 41.8 | 1 | ||
Consumption of alcohol | |||||||
Yes | 11 | 53.4 | 10 | 47.6 | 0.815 | 0.94 | 0.60–1.48 |
No | 47 | 55.3 | 38 | 44.7 | 1 | ||
Dizziness and loss of balance during ADL | |||||||
Yes | 30 | 71.4 | 12 | 28.6 | 0.005 * | 1.63 | 1.16–2.29 |
No | 28 | 43.7 | 36 | 56.3 | 1 | ||
Falls due to dizziness or loss of balance during ADL | |||||||
Yes | 11 | 68.7 | 5 | 31.3 | 0.164 | 1.31 | 0.89–1.93 |
No | 47 | 52.2 | 43 | 47.8 | 1 | ||
Wakes up frequently during the night | |||||||
Yes | 44 | 65.7 | 23 | 34.3 | 0.009 * | 1.82 | 1.15–2.88 |
No | 14 | 35.9 | 25 | 64.1 | 1 |
Urinary Incontinence | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent | Present | Non-Adjusted | Adjusted | |||||||
N | % | n | % | p | PR | CI (95%) | p | PR | CI (95%) | |
Dizziness and loss of balance during ADL | ||||||||||
Yes | 12 | 28.6 | 30 | 71.4 | 0.005 | 1.63 | 1.16–2.29 | 0.006 | 1.63 | 1.15–2.30 |
Wake up frequently during the night | ||||||||||
Yes | 23 | 34.3 | 44 | 65.7 | 0.009 | 1.82 | 1.15–2.88 | 0.030 | 1.70 | 1.05–2.76 |
Education level | ||||||||||
Illiterate/primary | 13 | 31.7 | 28 | 68.3 | 0.023 | 1.47 | 1.05–2.07 | 0.483 | 1.12 | 0.80–1.57 |
Nº of births | ||||||||||
2 or more | 35 | 41.6 | 53 | 56.4 | 0.346 | 1.30 | 0.66–3.19 | 0.573 | 1.37 | 0.45–4.21 |
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Guedes, T.S.R.; Guedes, M.B.O.G.; de Oliveira, H.K.M.; Soares, R.L.; da Cunha, V.L.; Lopes, J.M.; de Oliveira, N.P.D.; Jerez-Roig, J.; de Souza, D.L.B. Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women of Northeast Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115878
Guedes TSR, Guedes MBOG, de Oliveira HKM, Soares RL, da Cunha VL, Lopes JM, de Oliveira NPD, Jerez-Roig J, de Souza DLB. Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women of Northeast Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115878
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuedes, Thais Sousa Rodrigues, Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves Guedes, Hévila Kilvia Miguel de Oliveira, Rodrigo Lopes Soares, Vitor Leandro da Cunha, Johnnatas Mikael Lopes, Nayara Priscila Dantas de Oliveira, Javier Jerez-Roig, and Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza. 2021. "Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women of Northeast Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115878
APA StyleGuedes, T. S. R., Guedes, M. B. O. G., de Oliveira, H. K. M., Soares, R. L., da Cunha, V. L., Lopes, J. M., de Oliveira, N. P. D., Jerez-Roig, J., & de Souza, D. L. B. (2021). Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women of Northeast Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115878