Functional Constipation and Anorexia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.1.1. Inclusion Criteria
- A person older than 70 years but younger than 84 years, currently living in the community, not planning to move within 2 years, and without dementia;
- A person who provides informed consent to participate.
2.1.2. Exclusion Criteria
- A person with difficulty giving their opinion due to dementia;
- A person who is considered unable to comply with the study requirements or is deemed inappropriate based on an evaluation by the researcher.
2.2. Assessment of Anorexia of Aging
- My appetite is (generally): very poor (1), poor (2), average (3), good (4), very good (5).
- When I eat (satiety state): I feel full after eating only a few mouthfuls (1), I feel full after eating about a third of a meal (2), I feel full after eating over half a meal (3), I feel full after eating most of the meal (4), I hardly ever feel full (5).
- Food tastes: very bad (1), bad (2), average (3), good (4), very good (5).
- Normally I eat (daily frequency of meal): less than one meal a day (1), one meal a day (2), two meals a day (3), three meals a day (4), more than three meals a day (5).
2.3. Assessment of Functional Constipation
- Must include two or more of the following:
- Straining during more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations;
- Lumpy or hard stools (Bristol stool scale 1–2) in more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations;
- Sensation of incomplete evacuation in more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations;
- Sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage in more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations;
- Manual maneuvers to facilitate more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations (e.g., digital evacuation, support of the pelvic floor);
- Fewer than three spontaneous bowel movements per week;
- Loose stools are rarely present without the use of laxatives;
- Insufficient criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.
2.4. Other Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Basic Features of Subjects with Anorexia
3.2. Logistic Regression of Variables Affecting Anorexia
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Anorexia SNAQ ≤ 13 (n = 278) | Non-Anorexia SNAQ > 13 (n = 621) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age | 78.7 ± 4.1 | 77.9 ± 3.9 | 0.005 |
Female sex | 177 (63.7) | 285 (45.9) | <0.001 |
Living alone | 80 (28.8) | 151 (24.3) | 0.157 |
Clinical Characteristics | |||
Health behavior | |||
Smoking | 17 (18.7) | 28 (10.2) | 0.033 |
Alcohol drinking | 54 (30.5) | 181 (38.8) | 0.050 |
Physical activity (MET-min per week) | 392.5 ± 482.5 | 439.2 ± 527.0 | 0.208 |
Malnutrition (MNA ≤ 11) | 87 (31.5) | 76 (12.3) | <0.001 |
Clinical conditions | |||
HTN | 169 (60.8) | 402 (64.9) | 0.232 |
DM | 69 (24.8) | 148 (23.8) | 0.800 |
Dyslipidemia | 118 (43.2) | 272 (44.4) | 0.735 |
IHD | 7 (2.3) | 14 (2.6) | 0.813 |
Dementia | 3 (1.1) | 4 (0.6) | 0.494 |
CVA | 15 (5.4) | 27 (4.3) | 0.491 |
Depression (GDS ≥ 6) | 112 (40.3) | 100 (16.1) | <0.001 |
Thyroid disease | 13 (4.7) | 21 (3.4) | 0.349 |
Kidney disease | 1 (0.4) | 12 (1.9) | 0.070 |
Liver disease | 2 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) | 0.406 |
Malignancy, remitted | 11 (4.0) | 19 (3.1) | 0.489 |
Functional constipation | 71 (25.5) | 105 (16.9) | 0.003 |
Chewing problems | 149 (53.6) | 189 (30.4) | <0.001 |
Polypharmacy | 130 (46.8) | 223 (36.0) | 0.002 |
MMSE score (total) | 24.65 ± 3.52 | 25.72 ± 3.33 | <0.001 |
BMI | 24.31 ± 3.36 | 24.56 ± 2.97 | 0.268 |
Weight loss for the past year | −0.21 ± 3.00 | 0.046 ± 2.48 | 0.224 |
Laboratory findings | |||
Serum albumin level (g/L) | 4.30 ± 0.58 | 4.38 ± 0.31 | 0.023 |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.29 ± 2.01 | 1.14 ± 1.76 | 0.286 |
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | |||||||
Functional constipation | 1.682 * | 1.543 * | 1.473 * | 1.478 * | 1.223 | 1.423 | 1.117 |
(1.195–2.367) | (1.087–2.188) | (1.035–2.097) | (1.038–2.104)) | (0.845–1.770) | (0.995–2.034) | (0.765–1.631) | |
Age | 1.053 | 1.047 * | 1.040 * | 1.046 * | 1.041 * | 1.028 | |
(1.015–1.093) | (1.009–1.087) | (1.001–1.080) | (1.008–1.086) | (1.003–1.081) | (0.988–1.070) | ||
Female sex | 2.072 | 2.078 * | 1.934 * | 1.878 * | 2.059 * | 1.840 * | |
(1.544–2.781) | (1.547–2.792) | (1.435–2.606) | (1.388–2.541) | (1.525–2.779) | (1.348–2.511) | ||
Polypharmacy | 1.443 * | 1.267 | |||||
(1.035–2.097) | (0.926–1.733) | ||||||
MMSE | 0.937 * | 0.981 | |||||
(0.898–0.978) | (0.936–1.027) | ||||||
Depressed mood (GDS ≥ 6) | 3.052 * | 2.568 * | |||||
(2.186–4.260) | (1.801–3.661) | ||||||
Chewing problems | 2.464 * | 2.196 * | |||||
(1.827–3.322) | (1.612–2.992) |
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Jeong, E.; Kim, J.A.; Kim, B.S.; Lee, C.K.; Kim, M.; Won, C.W. Functional Constipation and Anorexia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115754
Jeong E, Kim JA, Kim BS, Lee CK, Kim M, Won CW. Functional Constipation and Anorexia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115754
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Eunjin, Jung A Kim, Byung Sung Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Miji Kim, and Chang Won Won. 2021. "Functional Constipation and Anorexia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115754