Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort

Llorca, Javier; Lechosa-Muñiz, Carolina; Lasarte-Oria, Lorena; Cuesta-González, Rocío; López-Hoyos, Marcos; Gortázar, Pilar; Gómez-Acebo, Inés; Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad; Cabero-Pérez, María J.; The MOACC-19 Group,

doi:10.3390/ijerph18105133

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort

by

Javier Llorca

^1,2,*,

Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz

^1,3,

Lorena Lasarte-Oria

³,

Rocío Cuesta-González

³,

Marcos López-Hoyos

^1,3,4

,

Pilar Gortázar

^1,3,

Inés Gómez-Acebo

^1,2,4,

Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos

^1,2,4,

María J. Cabero-Pérez

^1,2 and

The MOACC-19 Group

^†

¹

Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain

²

CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain

³

Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain

⁴

IDIVAL Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Members of the MOACC-19 Group: Jéssica Alonso-Molero, Bárbara Arozamena, Laura Conde-Gil, Elsa Cornejo del Río, María Fernández-Ortiz, Pelayo Frank de Zulueta, Yolanda Jubete, Coral Llano-Ruiz, Sonia López-Gómez, Sonia Mateo-Sota, Victoria Orallo, Rosa Pardo, Daniel Pérez González, María Sáez de Adana Herrero.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105133

Submission received: 10 April 2021 / Revised: 9 May 2021 / Accepted: 10 May 2021 / Published: 12 May 2021

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Abstract

Little is known on socio-economic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women. Here, we analyze the relationship between educational, occupational, and housing variables with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of 988 pregnant women in Spain. Pregnant women were recruited at the University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, among those delivering from 23 March 2020 onwards or consulting for their 12th week of pregnancy from 26 May 2020 onwards. Information on occupational variables and housing characteristics was self-reported. Pregnant women were tested for a current or past infection of SARS-CoV-2 using both PCR and antibodies detection (ELISA). Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, adjusting for age and country of origin. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with educational level or occupational variables, except for where the pregnant woman was a healthcare worker (odds ratio (OR) = 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–9.79). Housing with four or more rooms (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 0.96–4.47), four or more people in the household (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.89–4.14), lack of heating (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.24–6.34) and less than 23 square meters per person (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.43–11.1) were the housing characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Housing characteristics, but not occupational or educational variables, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Guidelines on the prevention of COVID-19 should reinforce household measures to prevent pregnant women from becoming infected by their relatives.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pregnancy; household transmission; socio-economic status

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MDPI and ACS Style

Llorca, J.; Lechosa-Muñiz, C.; Lasarte-Oria, L.; Cuesta-González, R.; López-Hoyos, M.; Gortázar, P.; Gómez-Acebo, I.; Dierssen-Sotos, T.; Cabero-Pérez, M.J.; The MOACC-19 Group. Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105133

AMA Style

Llorca J, Lechosa-Muñiz C, Lasarte-Oria L, Cuesta-González R, López-Hoyos M, Gortázar P, Gómez-Acebo I, Dierssen-Sotos T, Cabero-Pérez MJ, The MOACC-19 Group. Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105133

Chicago/Turabian Style

Llorca, Javier, Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz, Lorena Lasarte-Oria, Rocío Cuesta-González, Marcos López-Hoyos, Pilar Gortázar, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, María J. Cabero-Pérez, and The MOACC-19 Group. 2021. "Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105133

APA Style

Llorca, J., Lechosa-Muñiz, C., Lasarte-Oria, L., Cuesta-González, R., López-Hoyos, M., Gortázar, P., Gómez-Acebo, I., Dierssen-Sotos, T., Cabero-Pérez, M. J., & The MOACC-19 Group. (2021). Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105133

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Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort

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