Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis

Zheng, Hao; Zhou, Weijie; Zhang, Lan; Li, Xiaobo; Cheng, Jian; Ding, Zhen; Xu, Yan; Hu, Wenbiao

doi:10.3390/ijerph17092983

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Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis

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Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China

Department of Environmental Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China

National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China

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School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China

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School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 2983; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092983

Received: 9 March 2020 / Revised: 18 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 / Published: 25 April 2020

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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Abstract

Understanding water intake variation is crucial for assessing human exposure to water pollutants. The correlation between water intake and demographic factors warrants further exploration. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate urban water consumption and its associated factors among adults in Wuxi, China, in 2015. The water consumption information was obtained by a 24-h self-report diary over seven consecutive days. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to detect how water consumption varied with the demographic variables. Finally, a total of 1188 adults (18–87 years old) were included. The results demonstrated that the median water consumption of the adults was 1525 mL/day in summer and 1217 mL/day in winter. The results of the CART analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) and age were the leading factors that were associated with water consumption in summer and winter, respectively. The water consumption threshold of BMI for men differed from women (23 kg/m² vs. 18 kg/m²) in summer, and the threshold of age for men was also different from women (43 years vs. 21 years) in winter. In conclusion, the findings are useful for accurately assessing human exposure to water pollutants and identifying the high-risk subgroups. View Full-Text

Keywords: exposure assessment; water intake; water consumption; adults; CART

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zheng, H.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, L.; Li, X.; Cheng, J.; Ding, Z.; Xu, Y.; Hu, W. Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092983

AMA Style

Zheng H, Zhou W, Zhang L, Li X, Cheng J, Ding Z, Xu Y, Hu W. Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092983

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng, Hao, Weijie Zhou, Lan Zhang, Xiaobo Li, Jian Cheng, Zhen Ding, Yan Xu, and Wenbiao Hu. 2020. "Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092983

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Urban Water Consumption Patterns in an Adult Population in Wuxi, China: A Regression Tree Analysis

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