Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China

Chen, Xinjian; Huang, Sihua; Xie, Xuefeng; Zhu, Ming; Li, Jianguo; Wang, Xiaohan; Pu, Lijie

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082822

Open AccessArticle

Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China

by

Xinjian Chen

^1,2,

Sihua Huang

^1,2,†,

Xuefeng Xie

^3,*

,

Ming Zhu

^1,2,

Jianguo Li

⁴,

Xiaohan Wang

⁵ and

Lijie Pu

^1,2,*

¹

School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

²

The Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China

³

College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

⁴

School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China

⁵

Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Co-first Author.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2822; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082822

Submission received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 / Published: 19 April 2020

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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Abstract

Coastal tidelands are important ecological habitat resources and valuable resources for agricultural land reclamation. Enrichment of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in soil caused by anthropogenic activity is an important factor implicated in the ecological deterioration of soil in China. A total of 54 soil sample sites were selected from a 30-year reclaimed tideland and an adjoining coastal wetland. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to describe the enrichment, source, health risk status of eight PHEs (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) after long-term reclamation. Results indicated that after 30 years of reclamation, most soil PHEs are slightly enriched, whereas no serious threat of environmental pollution was observed. In the reclamation area, the enrichment of PHEs in the aquaculture land, industrial land, and cropland was relatively high compared with other land use types, such as tideland and halophyte land. The source analysis divided the PHEs into five categories: (1) Cu; (2) Co and Mn; (3) Cr; (4) As and Pb; (5) Zn and Ni. Cu was completely derived from natural parent materials and other elements were governed by both weathering of parent rock and human activities, including agricultural activities, industrial production, and transportation emissions. The health risk assessment showed that the soil PHEs potentially had no non-carcinogenic risk to the public, but there was an acceptable probability to have cancer due to Cr and As. Meanwhile, children are more susceptible to harm from the PHEs in soil than adults. According to the economic and social development situation in the coastal region, it is necessary to pay attention to the environmental threats of PHEs enrichment.

Keywords: potentially harmful elements enrichment; tideland reclamation; land use; health risk; eastern China

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, X.; Huang, S.; Xie, X.; Zhu, M.; Li, J.; Wang, X.; Pu, L. Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082822

AMA Style

Chen X, Huang S, Xie X, Zhu M, Li J, Wang X, Pu L. Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082822

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Xinjian, Sihua Huang, Xuefeng Xie, Ming Zhu, Jianguo Li, Xiaohan Wang, and Lijie Pu. 2020. "Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082822

APA Style

Chen, X., Huang, S., Xie, X., Zhu, M., Li, J., Wang, X., & Pu, L. (2020). Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082822

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Enrichment, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Different Land Use in Coastal Tidelands Reclamation Area, Eastern China

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