Temporal Trends in the Association between Participation in Physical Education and Physical Activity among U.S. High School Students, 2011–2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Physical Education Class
2.3. Physical Activity
2.4. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | 2011 (n = 13,516) | 2013 (n = 12,020) | 2015 (n = 13,643) | 2017 (n = 12,437) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | ||||
Male | 50.87 (49.06–52.68) | 49.36 (48.11–50.60) | 51.02 (47.77–54.26) | 48.71 (46.43–51.00) |
Female | 49.13 (47.32–50.94) | 50.64 (49.40–51.89) | 48.98 (45.74–52.23) | 51.29 (49.00–53.57) |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | ||||
White | 58.82 (51.61–66.04) | 57.21 (49.11–65.31) | 56.14 (48.59–63.70) | 54.90 (48.56–61.24) |
Black or African American | 13.12 (9.54–16.69) | 13.47 (8.88–18.06) | 12.82 (9.21–16.44) | 12.27 (9.42–15.12) |
Hispanic/Latino | 19.33 (13.95–24.72) | 20.56 (15.24–25.87) | 21.58 (15.61–27.55) | 22.43 (17.01–27.87) |
Other | 8.73 (6.69–10.76) | 8.76 (6.79–10.74) | 9.45 (7.33–11.57) | 10.40 (8.76–12.03) |
BMI (%) | ||||
Obese | 13.76 (12.34–15.17) | 14.67 (13.33–16.00) | 14.82 (13.19–16.45) | 15.65 (14.40–16.90) |
Overweight | 16.65 (15.70–17.59) | 18.06 (16.98–19.15) | 17.73 (16.76–18.70) | 17.28 (16.45–18.11) |
Normal | 67.44 (65.69–69.18) | 64.76 (62.71–66.81) | 65.19 (63.11–67.27) | 64.58 (62.95–66.22) |
Sample | 2011 (n = 13,516) | 2013 (n = 12,020) | 2015 (n = 13,643) | 2017 (n = 12,437) | P-Trendlinear b | P-Trendquadratic c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Sample | 2.14 (1.89–2.39) | 1.98 (1.75–2.22) | 2.12 (1.86–2.38) | 2.07 (1.83–2.31) | 0.44 | 0.37 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 2.35 (2.12–2.58) | 2.26 (2.05–2.46) | 2.30 (2.01–2.59) | 2.32 (2.06–2.58) | 0.24 | 0.45 |
Female | 1.91 (1.61–2.21) | 1.72 (1.44–2.00) | 1.93 (1.67–2.20) | 1.84 (1.61–2.07) | 0.27 | 0.26 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 2.18 (1.85–2.52) | 1.80 (1.57–2.02) | 1.96 (1.67–2.25) | 1.92 (1.66–2.18) | 0.38 | 0.15 |
Black or African American | 1.96 (1.69–2.22) | 2.00 (1.63–2.37) | 2.39 (2.10–2.68) | 2.11 (1.89–2.34) | 0.10 | 0.30 |
Hispanic/Latino | 2.16 (1.93–2.40) | 2.47 (2.17–2.75) | 2.37 (2.05–2.69) | 2.40 (2.06–2.74) | 0.69 | 0.44 |
Other | 2.04 (1.78–2.29) | 2.09 (1.80–2.37) | 2.12 (1.70–2.55) | 2.13 (1.83–2.44) | 0.88 | 0.92 |
BMI | ||||||
Obese | 2.05 (1.77–2.34) | 2.03 (1.75–2.30) | 2.14 (1.87–2.41) | 1.98 (1.72–2.25) | 0.57 | 0.75 |
Overweight | 2.15 (1.94–2.36) | 1.99 (1.74–2.24) | 2.24 (1.98–2.51) | 2.13 (1.88–2.37) | 0.18 | 0.18 |
Normal | 2.16 (1.89–2.43) | 1.97 (1.74–2.21) | 2.10 (1.83–2.37) | 2.09 (1.84–2.34) | 0.49 | 0.34 |
Sample | 2011 (n = 13,516) | 2013 (n = 12,020) | 2015 (n = 13,643) | 2017 (n = 12,437) | P-Trendlinear b | P-Trendquadratic c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Sample | 5.14 (5.03–5.26) | 4.99 (4.88–5.10) | 5.10 (4.95–5.24) | 4.96 (4.79–5.13) | 0.27 | 0.25 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 5.74 (5.63–5.86) | 5.57 (5.49–5.66) | 5.62 (5.45–5.79) | 5.56 (5.44–5.68) | 0.63 | 0.33 |
Female | 4.52 (4.39–4.66) | 4.42 (4.28–4.57) | 4.55 (4.36–4.74) | 4.39 (4.17–4.61) | 0.31 | 0.40 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 5.34 (5.20–5.49) | 5.17 (5.02–5.31) | 5.32 (5.13–5.52) | 5.07 (4.84–5.31) | 0.21 | 0.28 |
Black or African American | 4.78 (4.60–4.96) | 4.58 (4.42–4.74) | 4.71 (4.42–4.99) | 4.64 (4.40–4.87) | 0.47 | 0.27 |
Hispanic/Latino | 4.89 (4.76–5.01) | 4.84 (4.64–5.06) | 4.85 (4.69–5.00) | 4.89 (4.70–5.09) | 0.93 | 0.74 |
Other | 4.91 (4.70–5.13) | 4.85 (4.64–5.05) | 4.84 (4.58–5.09) | 4.86 (4.65–5.08) | 0.96 | 0.90 |
BMI | ||||||
Obese | 4.73 (4.57–4.90) | 4.53 (4.32–4.74) | 4.83 (4.67–4.98) | 4.61 (4.42–4.81) | p = 0.03 | 0.07 |
Overweight | 5.14 (5.00–5.29) | 5.00 (4.83–5.18) | 5.00 (4.79–5.21) | 4.91 (4.72–5.10) | 0.98 | 0.91 |
Normal | 5.24 (5.12–5.37) | 5.11 (5.01–5.21) | 5.20 (5.04–5.37) | 5.07 (4.87–5.27) | 0.34 | 0.30 |
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Ryu, S.; Loprinzi, P.; Kim, H.; Kang, M. Temporal Trends in the Association between Participation in Physical Education and Physical Activity among U.S. High School Students, 2011–2017. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072357
Ryu S, Loprinzi P, Kim H, Kang M. Temporal Trends in the Association between Participation in Physical Education and Physical Activity among U.S. High School Students, 2011–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072357
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Seungho, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, and Minsoo Kang. 2020. "Temporal Trends in the Association between Participation in Physical Education and Physical Activity among U.S. High School Students, 2011–2017" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072357