Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Intervention
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
2.4. Study Population
2.5. Instruments
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition
3.1.1. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake
3.1.2. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages
3.2. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between the Intervention “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition
3.2.1. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between the Intervention “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake
3.2.2. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between the Intervention “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Missing Values | Intervention (n = 318) | Control (n = 240) | Total (n = 558) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Children | ||||
Age at follow-up [m, sd] | 3 | 4.7 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.6) |
Boys [n, %] 1 | 113 (47.1) | 179 (56.3) | 292 (52.3) | |
Migration background [n, %] 1 | 106 | 77 (30.6) | 74 (37.0) | 151 (33.4) |
Fruit and vegetable intake * T1 [m, sd] | 92 | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.8) |
Fruit and vegetable intake * T2 [m, sd] | 166 | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) |
Sugar sweetened beverages once a week or more T1 [n, %] | 94 | 101 (38.5) | 77 (38.1) | 178 (38.4) |
Sugar sweetened beverages once a week or more T2 [n, %] | 161 | 85 (38.6) | 60 (33.9) | 145 (36.5) |
Parents | ||||
Tertiary family education level [n, %] | 106 | 120 (47.2) | 100 (50.5) | 220 (48.7) |
Fruit and vegetable intake * T2 [m, sd] | 168 | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.7) |
At least one parent drinks sugar sweetened beverages once a week or more T2 [n, %] | 162 | 127 (57.7) | 106 (60.2) | 233 (58.8) |
Self-efficacy on children’s fruit and vegetable intake T1 [m, sd] | 95 | 4.9 (1.6) | 4.9 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.5) |
Self-efficacy on children’s fruit and vegetable intake T2 [m, sd] | 163 | 4.8 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.4) |
Self-efficacy on children’s sugar sweetened beverage intake T1 [m, sd] | 99 | 4.9 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.4) |
Self-efficacy on children’s sugar sweetened beverage intake T2 [m, sd] | 168 | 4.9 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.3) |
Outcome expectancies on children’s sugar sweetened beverage intake T1 [m, sd] | 162 | 6.3 (0.7) | 6.2 (0.8) | 6.3 (0.7) |
Outcome expectancies on children’s fruit and vegetable intake T2 [m, sd] | 161 | 6.0 (0.8) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.9 (0.8) |
Variables | B [95% CI] | SE(B) | β | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 0.744 [−0.126; 1.614] | 0.442 | 1.682 | 0.094 | |
Parents | |||||
Self-efficacy | 0.137 [0.083; 0.190] | 0.027 | 0.237 | 5.005 | <0.001 |
Fruit and vegetable intake | 0.494 [0.391; 0.597] | 0.052 | 0.451 | 9.466 | <0.001 |
Outcome expectancies | 0.015 [−0.071; 0.101] | 0.044 | 0.016 | 0.341 | 0.733 |
Tertiary family education level | 0.090 [−0.050; 0.230] | 0.071 | 0.060 | 1.263 | 0.207 |
Children | |||||
Age | −0.034 [−0.152; 0.084] | 0.060 | −0.027 | −0.569 | 0.570 |
Gender | 0.051 [−0.088; 0.190] | 0.071 | 0.034 | 0.727 | 0.468 |
Migration background | 0.004 [−0.148; 0.156] | 0.077 | 0.002 | 0.053 | 0.958 |
Variables | B(SE) | p | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Constant | 0.458 (1.587) | 0.773 | 1.581 |
Parents | |||
Self-efficacy | −0.318 (0.103) | 0.002 | 0.728 (0.594; 0.891) |
Intake of sugar sweetened beverages | 1.972 (0.313) | <0.001 | 7.188 (3.896; 13.264) |
Outcome expectancies | −0.110 (0.179) | 0.537 | 0.896 (0.631; 1.271) |
Tertiary family education level | −0.540 (0.267) | 0.043 | 0.583 (0.345; 0.984) |
Children | |||
Age | 0.248 (0.224) | 0.269 | 1.281 (0.826; 1.988) |
Gender | −0.758 (0.268) | 0.005 | 0.469 (0.277; 0.793) |
Migration background | 0.452 (0.285) | 0.112 | 1.572 (0.900; 2.746) |
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Möhler, R.; Wartha, O.; Steinacker, J.M.; Szagun, B.; Kobel, S. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249463
Möhler R, Wartha O, Steinacker JM, Szagun B, Kobel S. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249463
Chicago/Turabian StyleMöhler, Ricarda, Olivia Wartha, Jürgen Michael Steinacker, Bertram Szagun, and Susanne Kobel. 2020. "Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children’s Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program “Join the Healthy Boat” and Children’s Nutrition" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249463