Influence of School-Based Smoking Prevention Education on Reducing Gap in Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media Message among Korean Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Full Sample | Current Smoker (Weighted %, 95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
N | Weighted % a | ||
Total | 59,410 | 100.0 | 6.5 (6.1–6.9) |
Main factors | |||
Exposure to anti-tobacco media messages (within a year) | |||
Yes | 49,103 | 82.5 | 6.1 (5.7–6.5) |
No | 10,307 | 17.5 | 8.2 (7.5–8.9) |
Participation in smoking prevention education (within a year) | |||
Yes | 43,934 | 72.6 | 6.2 (5.8–6.6) |
No | 15,476 | 27.4 | 7.3 (6.6–8.0) |
Sociodemographic factors | |||
Gender | |||
Boys | 30,045 | 51.9 | 9.1 (8.6–9.7) |
Girls | 29,365 | 48.1 | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) |
Grade | |||
7th | 9789 | 14.6 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
8th | 10,011 | 15.7 | 3.1 (2.7–3.6) |
9th | 10,159 | 16.2 | 4.6 (4.0–5.1) |
10th | 9151 | 15.9 | 7.5 (6.7–8.3) |
11th | 9926 | 17.8 | 9.2 (8.4–10.0) |
12th | 10,374 | 19.8 | 11.7 (10.6–12.7) |
Stress level | |||
High | 24,039 | 40.4 | 7.6 (7.0–8.1) |
Moderate | 24,434 | 41.4 | 5.7 (5.3–6.2) |
Low | 10,937 | 18.2 | 5.8 (5.3–6.4) |
Monthly alcohol drinking | |||
Yes | 9467 | 16.7 | 27.4 (26–28.7) |
No | 49,943 | 83.3 | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |
Subjective academic performance | |||
High | 23,182 | 38.7 | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) |
Moderate | 17,417 | 29.5 | 5.2 (4.8–5.7) |
Low | 18,811 | 31.8 | 10.7 (10.1–11.4) |
Perceived economic status | |||
High | 23,981 | 40.8 | 6.0 (5.5–6.5) |
Middle | 27,638 | 46.2 | 6.0 (5.6–6.4) |
Low | 7791 | 12.9 | 9.9 (9.0–10.8) |
Parental education levels | |||
College or above (both parents) | 23,981 | 41.8 | 4.9 (4.4–5.3) |
College or above (one of parent) | 12,855 | 21.7 | 7.1 (6.6–7.7) |
High school or less (both parents) | 22,574 | 36.5 | 7.9 (7.3–8.6) |
Area | |||
Urban (Metropolitan city) | 26,395 | 42.8 | 6.1 (5.5–6.7) |
Urban (small- &medium-sized city) | 28,565 | 51.1 | 6.7 (6.1–7.3) |
Rural | 4450 | 6.1 | 7.2 (5.2–9.2) |
Category | Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media Messages within a Year | ||
---|---|---|---|
Weighted % (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | |
Main factors | |||
Participation in smoking prevention education (within a year) | |||
Yes | 88.1 (87.8–88.5) | 3.58 (3.42–3.75) | 3.41 (3.26–3.57) |
No | 67.5 (66.5–68.4) | Ref | Ref |
Sociodemographic factors | |||
Gender | |||
Boys | 78.9 (78.2–79.5) | 0.59 (0.56–0.62) | 0.61 (0.58–0.64) |
Girls | 86.4 (85.9–86.9) | Ref | Ref |
Grade | |||
7th | 88.3 (87.6–89.1) | Ref | Ref |
8th | 84.1 (83.3–84.9) | 0.70 (0.64–0.76) | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) |
9th | 82.8 (81.9–83.7) | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | 0.68 (0.62–0.75) |
10th | 82.0 (81.1–83.0) | 0.60 (0.55–0.66) | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) |
11th | 80.9 (79.9–81.8) | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 0.67 (0.61–0.73) |
12th | 78.4 (77.4–79.5) | 0.48 (0.44–0.53) | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) |
Stress level | |||
High | 82.1 (81.5–82.7) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
Moderate | 83.5 (82.9–84.2) | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) |
Low | 80.9 (80.1–81.7) | Ref | Ref |
Monthly alcohol drinking | |||
Yes | 79.8 (78.8–80.8) | 0.81 (0.76–0.86) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
No | 83.0 (82.6–83.5) | Ref | Ref |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 83.6 (83.1–84.0) | Ref | Ref |
Former | 75.0 (73.7–76.3) | 0.59 (0.55–0.64) | 0.74 (0.68–0.79) |
Current (<20 days/month) | 80.0 (77.9–82.0) | 0.79 (0.69–0.89) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
Current (20–29 days/month) | 80.1 (75.9–84.3) | 0.79 (0.61–1.03) | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) |
Current (30 days/month) | 75.5 (73.1–77.8) | 0.61 (0.53–0.69) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) |
Subjective academic performance | |||
High | 84.6 (84.0–85.2) | Ref | Ref |
Moderate | 83.4 (82.8–84.0) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) |
Low | 79.1 (78.4–79.8) | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) |
Perceived economic status | |||
High | 82.7 (82.1–83.3) | Ref | Ref |
Middle | 82.7 (82.1–83.2) | 1.0 (0.95–1.05) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) |
Low | 81.1 (80.0–82.1) | 0.90 (0.83–0.96) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
Parental education levels | |||
College or above (both parents) | 83.2 (82.6–83.8) | ref | ref |
College or above (one of parent) | 83.7 (83.0–84.4) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) |
High school or less (both parents) | 81.0 (80.4–81.6) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
Area | |||
Urban (metropolitan city) | 82.9 (82.2–83.6) | Ref | Ref |
Urban (small- and medium-sized city) | 82.2 (81.6–82.9) | 0.96 (0.89–1.02) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) |
Rural | 81.6 (79.9–83.2) | 0.92 (0.81–1.03) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) |
Category | Participation of Smoking Prevention Education (within a Year) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Weighted % (95% CI) | Difference a (% p) | Weighted % (95% CI) | Difference a (% p) | |
Summary of results from all subgroups | 8.2 | 19.7 | ||
Maximum b | 90.9 (90.1–91.6) | 77.9 (75.9–79.9) | ||
Minimum b | 82.7 (81.4–83.9) | 58.2 (55.6–60.8) | ||
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Gender | 5.3 | 11.0 | ||
Boys | 85.5 (85.0–86.0) | 62.5 (61.3–63.8) | ||
Girls | 90.8 (90.4–91.2) | 73.5 (72.4–74.6) | ||
Grade | 3.6 | 13.1 | ||
7th | 90.9 (90.1–91.6) | 77.9 (75.9–79.9) | ||
8th | 87.7 (86.9–88.5) | 69.9 (67.9–71.9) | ||
9th | 87.4 (86.6–88.2) | 67.0 (64.6–69.5) | ||
10th | 88.2 (87.3–89.0) | 67.0 (65.1–68.9) | ||
11th | 87.4 (86.7–88.2) | 65.1 (63.3–67.0) | ||
12th | 87.3 (86.4–88.2) | 64.8 (63.0–66.5) | ||
Stress level | 1.5 | 5.3 | ||
High | 88.0 (87.5–88.5) | 67.0 (65.7–68.3) | ||
Moderate | 88.7 (88.2–89.2) | 69.5 (68.2–70.8) | ||
Low | 87.2 (86.4–87.9) | 64.2 (62.3–66.1) | ||
Monthly alcohol drinking | 2.2 | 2.6 | ||
Yes | 86.3 (85.4–87.2) | 65.4 (63.4–67.4) | ||
No | 88.5 (88.1–88.9) | 68.0 (67.0–69.0) | ||
Smoking status | 6.2 | 10.9 | ||
Never | 88.9 (88.6–89.3) | 68.9 (67.9–69.8) | ||
Former | 82.7 (81.4–83.9) | 58.2 (55.6–60.8) | ||
Current (<20 days/month) | 84.2 (82.1–86.3) | 69.1 (64.3–73.8) | ||
Current (20–29 days/month) | 86.0 (81.6–90.3) | 65.9 (56.5–75.3) | ||
Current (30 days/month) | 83.6 (81.4–85.9) | 59.3 (54.7–64.0) | ||
Subjective academic performance | 4.4 | 4.3 | ||
High | 89.8 (89.3–90.3) | 67.7 (66.3–69.2) | ||
Moderate | 88.7 (88.1–89.3) | 69.7 (68.4–7.01) | ||
Low | 85.4 (84.7–86.0) | 65.4 (64.1–66.8) | ||
Perceived economic status | 1.8 | 2.0 | ||
High | 88.6 (88.1–89.1) | 67.1 (65.8–68.5) | ||
Middle | 88.1 (87.6–88.6) | 68.2 (67.0–69.4) | ||
Low | 86.8 (85.9–87.7) | 66.2 (64.0–68.4) | ||
Parental education levels | 2.5 | 2.9 | ||
College or above (both parents) | 89.0 (88.4–89.5) | 67.6 (66.3–69.0) | ||
College or above (one parent) | 89.1 (88.4–89.7) | 69.2 (67.6–70.8) | ||
High school or less (both parents) | 86.6 (86.1–87.2) | 66.3 (64.9–67.7) | ||
Area | 2.6 | 1.5 | ||
Urban (metropolitan city) | 88.8 (88.3–89.3) | 67.0 (65.4–68.5) | ||
Urban (small- and medium-sized city) | 87.8 (87.3–88.4) | 68.0 (66.7–69.2) | ||
Rural | 86.2 (84.8–87.6) | 66.5 (62.6–70.3) |
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Hwang, J.H.; Ryu, D.-H.; Park, S.-W. Influence of School-Based Smoking Prevention Education on Reducing Gap in Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media Message among Korean Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238742
Hwang JH, Ryu D-H, Park S-W. Influence of School-Based Smoking Prevention Education on Reducing Gap in Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media Message among Korean Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238742
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Jun Hyun, Dong-Hee Ryu, and Soon-Woo Park. 2020. "Influence of School-Based Smoking Prevention Education on Reducing Gap in Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media Message among Korean Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238742