Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Theoretical Framework
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Instruments
2.5. Procedure
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 114 | 18.3% |
Female | 510 | 81.7% | |
Age | 17 years old | 41 | 6.6% |
18 years old | 339 | 54.3% | |
19 years old | 103 | 16.5% | |
≥20 years old | 141 | 22.6% | |
University | Coimbra | 273 | 43.8% |
Toledo | 177 | 28.4% | |
Melilla | 174 | 27.9% |
Items in the Attitude towards Immigration in Nursing (AIN) Scale | Coimbra (268) | Toledo (175) | Melilla (174) | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Totally Agree | CI 95% | Mean | % Totally Agree | CI 95% | Mean | % Totally Agree | CI 95% | Mean | ANOVA | |
1. Foreigners who commit a crime should be deported | 15.7 | (11.53–20.51) | 2.51 (0.94) | 9.1 | (5.31–14.34) | 2.82 (0.93) | 14.4 | (9.51–20.36) | 2.56 (0.98) | 0.002 |
2. The arrival of immigrants has led to increased crime rates | 2.6 | (1.03–5.19) | 3.13 (0.78) | 0.6 | (0,01–3.12) | 3.10 (0,79) | 2.3 | (0.63–5.75) | 2.89 (0.82) | 0.006 |
3. We should guarantee immigrants the right to maintain their customs and cultural practices | 54.9 | (48.83–60.74) | 3.42 (0.72) | 36.4 | (29.25–43.70) | 3.22 (0.69) | 47.7 | (40.08–55.10) | 3.41 (0.62) | 0.004 |
5. We should increase our efforts to improve immigrant quality of life | 45.4 | (39.41–51.35) | 3.32 (0.73) | 32.4 | (25.53–39.62) | 3.07 (0.77) | 36.8 | (29.61–44.17) | 3.18 (0.73) | 0.003 |
6. Whether legal or illegal, immigrants should have free and unrestricted access to healthcare and education | 30.4 | (25.00–36.10) | 2.86 (0.97) | 37.9 | (30.68–45.19) | 3.10 (0.84) | 77.6 | (26.91–41.23) | 2.98 (0.90) | 0.056 |
9. Immigrants sometimes receive more social welfare assistance than the autochthonous population itself | 37.1 | (31.37–43.02) | 1.84 (0.80) | 29.5 | (22.91–36.67) | 2.20 (1.01) | 23.1 | (17.06–29.96) | 2.26 (0.94) | 0.000 |
10. Immigrants are generally less concerned about their personal hygiene | 0.7 | (0.08–2.63) | 3.49(0.65) | 1.7 | (0.35–4.84) | 3.37 (0.76) | 2.9 | (0.94–6.54) | 3.13 (0.84) | 0.000 |
16. Immigrants take our jobs, leaving many of us unemployed | 6.3 | (3.68–9.78) | 2.76(0.84) | 13.6 | (8.88–19.39) | 2.76 (1.04) | 5.2 | (2.39–9.54) | 3.05 (0.90) | 0.002 |
17. Immigrants should observe the customs of our country | 11.7 | (8.15–16.08) | 2.54(0.89) | 6.9 | (3.59–11.60) | 2.86 (0.89) | 8.6 | (4.90–13.74) | 2.86 (0.90) | 0.000 |
18. We should allow immigrants to have places of worship where they can practise their beliefs and religions | 50.2 | (44.09–56.07) | 3.34(0.77) | 42.6 | (35.20–50.01) | 3.20 (0.83) | 51.7 | (44.03–59.03) | 3.43 (0.65) | 0.02 |
20. Immigration and the resultant increase in the birth rate is positive for countries struggling to maintain their demographic balance | 30.04 | (25.00–36.10) | 2.94(0.90) | 31.6 | (24.78–38.86) | 3.01 (0.86) | 43.4 | (35.85–50.81) | 3.22 (0.81) | 0.004 |
23. The collapse of the health system is largely due to increased immigration | 2.2 | (0.82–4.77) | 3.27(0.75) | 8 | (4.41–12.91) | 2.91 (0.93) | 6.9 | (3.63–11.73) | 2.71 (0.86) | 0.000 |
24. Too many resources are earmarked for immigrant care | 1.1 | (0.23–3.19) | 3.33(0.71) | 6.9 | (3.61–11.67) | 2.94 (0.86) | 2.9 | (0.944–6.57) | 2.96 (0.79) | 0.000 |
25. A European citizen living in Spain/Portugal generates more benefits for our society than an immigrant from Africa, Asia or South America | 1.1 | (0.23–3.19) | 3.61(0.67) | 5.8 | (2.82–10.37) | 3.02 (0.94) | 4 | 1.63–8.06) | 3.10 (0.86) | 0.000 |
26. Immigrants and gypsies hinder the country’s development | 0.7 | (0.09–2.62) | 3.31(0.70) | 1.1 | (0.13–3.99) | 3.44 (0.72) | 0.6 | (0.01–3.14) | 3.60 (0.60) | 0.000 |
28. The children of immigrants, whether legal or illegal, are entitled to free education | 39 | (33.13–44.88) | 3.06(0.94) | 56.3 | (48.58–63.37) | 3.38 (0.82) | 49.1 | (41.46–56.52) | 3.27 (0.85) | 0.001 |
33. In truth, we make use of immigrants to do the most precarious jobs | 9.2 | (6.03–13.22) | 2.29(0.98) | 18.2 | (12.78–24.55) | 2.64 (0.94) | 31.6 | (24.78–38.86) | 2.93 (0.95) | 0.000 |
34. In the medium term, the mass arrival of immigrants will cause major healthcare and social problems | 4.4 | (2.29–7.52) | 2.93(0.82) | 11.4 | (7.08–16.91) | 2.70 (0.94) | 9.2 | (5.34–14.42) | 2.67 (0.92) | 0.004 |
35. If I am in a position to choose, I prefer not to sit next to an immigrant on public transport | 0.4 | (0.01–2.03) | 3.92(0.34) | 0 | 0 | 3.84 (0.40) | 0 | 0 | 3.84 (0.44) | 0.031 |
36. In general, I can’t stand Moroccans | 0.4 | (0.009–2.02) | 3.97(0.24) | 0.6 | (0.014–3.14) | 3.78 (0.52) | 0.6 | (0.01–3.14) | 3.80 (0.53) | 0.000 |
37. I feel unsafe when I see a group of Moroccans | 1.1 | (0.23–3.17) | 3.69(0.60) | 5.2 | (2.41–9.59) | 3.24 (0.89) | 8 | (4.47–13.05) | 3.11 (0.96) | 0.000 |
39. It is unfair to link the phenomenon of immigration with the increase in crime | 63 | (56.97–68.51) | 3.48(0.78) | 50 | (42.33–57.35) | 3.24 (0.89) | 56.3 | (48.61–63.48) | 3.30 (0.92) | 0.006 |
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Ugarte Gurrutxaga, M.I.; Sánchez-Ojeda, M.A.; Segura-Fragoso, A.; Cardoso, M.L.; Molina Gallego, B. Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7977. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217977
Ugarte Gurrutxaga MI, Sánchez-Ojeda MA, Segura-Fragoso A, Cardoso ML, Molina Gallego B. Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7977. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217977
Chicago/Turabian StyleUgarte Gurrutxaga, M Idoia, María Angustias Sánchez-Ojeda, Antonio Segura-Fragoso, María Lucilia Cardoso, and Brígida Molina Gallego. 2020. "Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7977. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217977